新加坡组屋定期维修翻新机制对我国老旧社区改造的启示
The Inspiration of Singapore HDB Flats' Regular Maintenance Mechanism to Old Community Renovation in China
黄经南
武汉大学城市设计学院 副院长，副教授 博士
周亚伦
武汉大学城市设计学院 硕士研究生
杨石琳
武汉大学城市设计学院 硕士研究生
摘要: 目前我国老旧社区大量出现并且改造困难的一个主要原因是缺乏定期维护的机制。新加坡在其主要的住宅形式——公共组屋的维修翻新方面积累了丰富的经验。通过对新加坡公共组屋定期维修翻新机制的全面分析，针对我国老旧社区改造面临的一些具体问题，从成立专业部门、确定适应城镇化进程的维护周期、建立运营维护机制、确定适应不同类型老旧社区的维修翻新方式、多渠道筹措资金、明晰共有产权等6方面出发提出建议，以期为我国的老旧社区改造规划提供借鉴。
Abstract: One of the main reasons for large number of emerging old communities and the difficulty of their renovation is the lack of a regular maintenance mechanism. Singapore accumulated rich experience in the maintenance and renovation of its main residential form, public housing. This paper makes a comprehensive analysis of its regular maintenance mechanism. In view of some specific problems faced by the renovation of the old communities in China, drawing on the experience of Singapore, this paper puts forward some suggestions in the following six aspects: setting up a special department, determining the maintenance cycle to adapt to the urbanization process, establishing the operation and maintenance mechanism, determining the maintenance and renovation methods to adapt to different types of old communities, multi-channel financing, and clarifying the common property rights in order to provide references for old community planning in China.
关键词：组屋；维修翻新；社区规划；老旧小区；新加坡
Keyword: HDB flats; maintenance and renovation; community planning; old community; Singapore
中图分类号：TU984
文献标识码: A
王智勇，李纯，杨体星，等. 武汉青山老旧社区品质提升的规划对策[J]. 规划师，2017，33（11）：24-29.
WANG Zhiyong, LI Chun, YANG Tixing, et al. Planning countermeasures to improve the quality of the old community in Qingshan, Wuhan[J]. Planners, 2017, 33(11): 24-29.
严铮，陶承洁. “存量型”城市居住旧区更新规划方法初探[J]. 现代城市研究，2013（11）：118-120.
YAN Zheng, TAO Chengjie. A preliminary study on the renovation planning method of "inventory type" urban old residential area[J]. Modern Urban Research, 2013(11): 118-120.
张庭伟. 社会资本·社区规划及公众参与[J]. 城市规划，1999（10）：23-26，30，64.
ZHANG Tingwei. Social capital, community planning and public participation[J]. City Planning Review, 1999(10): 23-26, 30, 64.
田灵江. 老旧小区改造资金需求及来源研究[J]. 住宅产业，2020（5）：6-11.
TIAN Lingjiang. Research on the capital demand and source of the reconstruction of the old community[J]. Housing Industry, 2020(5): 6-11.
李俊夫，李玮，李志刚，等. 新加坡保障性住房政策研究及借鉴[J]. 国际城市规划，2012，27（4）：36-42.
LI Junfu, LI Wei, LI Zhigang, et al. Research and reference of indemnificatory housing policy in Singapore[J]. Urban Planning International, 2012, 27(4): 36-42.
高勇. 城市老旧社区重建的新途径[J]. 城市问题，2008（2）：60-64.
GAO Yong. A new approach to rebuilding old urban neighborhoods[J]. Urban Problems, 2008(2): 60-64.
武汉市武昌区人民政府[EB/OL].（2020-10-01）[2021-08-01]. http://www.wuchang.gov.cn.
Wuchang District People's Government of Wuhan[EB/OL]. (2020-10-01) [2021-08-01]. http://www.wuchang.gov.cn.
四川京讯电梯. 全国各地旧楼加装电梯补贴金额明细表[EB/OL].（2019-07-12）[2021-08-01]. http://www.scjxdt.com/news/103.html.
Sichuan Jingxun Elevator. List of subsidies for installing elevators in old buildings all over the country[EB/OL]. (2019-07-12) [2021-08-01]. http://www.scjxdt.com/news/103.html.
于文波. 城市社区规划理论与方法研究[D]. 杭州：浙江大学，2005.
YU Wenbo. Study on theory and method of urban community planning[D]. Hangzhou: Zhejiang University, 2005.
刘承水，刘玲玲，史兵，等. 老旧小区管理的现存问题及其解决途径[J]. 城市问题，2012（9）：83-85.
LIU Chengshui, LIU Lingling, SHI Bing, et al. The existing problems in the management of the old community and the ways to solve them[J]. Urban Problems, 2012(9): 83-85.
薛宇欣，李婷，张德娟. 我国老旧小区改造模式与发达国家的对比分析与建议[J]. 城市住宅，2020，27（4）：90-94.
XUE Yuxin, LI Ting, ZHANG Dejuan. Comparative analysis and suggestions of the reconstruction models of old communities between China and developed countries[J]. City & House, 2020, 27(4): 90-94.
李琳琳，李江. 新加坡组屋区规划结构的演变及对我国的启示[J]. 国际城市规划，2008（2）：109-112.
LI Linlin, LI Jiang. The evolution of the HDB planning structure in Singapore and its implications for China[J]. Urban Planning International, 2008(2): 109-112.
刘晨宇，罗萌. 新加坡组屋的建设发展及启示[J]. 现代城市研究，2013（10）：54-59.
LIU Chenyu, LUO Meng. Development and enlightenment of HDB housing in Singapore[J]. Modern Urban Research, 2013(10): 54-59.
FERNANDEZ W. Our homes: 50 years of housing a nation[M]. Singapore: Straits Times Press, 2011.
AGARWAL S, CHEN Y Y, LI J, et al. Housing upgrading in urban redevelopment[J/OL]. (2020-10-01) [2021-08-01]. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/315459588_Housing_Upgrading_in_Urban_Redevelopment.
Housing & Development Board[EB/OL]. (2020-10-01) [2021-08-01]. https://www.hdb.gov.sg/cs/infoweb/homepage.
王丹娜，胡振宇. 新加坡组屋的规划建设及其启示[J]. 住宅科技，2010，30（5）：18-21.
WANG Danna, HU Zhenyu. Planning and construction of HDB flats in Singapore and its enlightenment[J]. Housing Science, 2010, 30(5): 18-21.
刘少才. 新加坡物业：走上法制管理轨道[J]. 住宅与房地产，2017（7）：30-31.
LIU Shaocai. Singapore property: on the track of legal management[J]. Housing and Real Estate, 2017(7): 30-31.
张天洁，李泽. 优化住宅存量下的新加坡公共住宅翻新[J]. 建筑学报，2013（3）：28-33.
ZHANG Tianjie, LI Ze. Optimized housing stock for refurbishment of public housing in Singapore[J]. Architectural Journal, 2013(3): 28-33.
YUEN B. Safety and dwelling in Singapore[J]. Cities, 2004, 24(1): 19-28.
大大华人网. 建屋局：10年来获翻新组屋单位共计约24万[EB/OL].（2017-12-31）[2021-08-01]. http://amdada.com/city/xjp/news.php?id=84320.
AMDADA. Housing Bureau: about 240,000 HDB flats have been refurbished in 10 years[DB/OL]. (2017-12-31) [2021-08-01]. http://amdada.com/city/xjp/news.php?id=84320.
Government of Singapore. National Day Rally 2019[EB/OL]. (2019-01-01) [2021-08-01]. https://www.gov.sg/microsites/ndr2019.
Housing & Development Board. Public housing in Singapore: social well-being of HDB communities, sample household survey2013[R/OL]. [2021-08-01]. https://www.hdb.gov.sg/cs/Satellite?c=HDBDoc&cid=1383797763960&pagename=InfoWEB%2 FHDBDoc%2FDocLayout.
赵云凤. 当代城市社区公共空间私用现象及其治理[D]. 南京：东南大学，2016.
ZHAO Yunfeng. The phenomenon of private use of contemporary urban community public space and its governance[D]. Nanjing: Southeast University, 2016.
