新城高新技术企业时空分异及影响因素分析 ——以上海五个新城为例
Spatiotemporal Differentiation and Influencing Factors of High-tech Enterprises in New Towns: A Case Study of Shanghai's Five New Towns
祝美琪
南京大学建筑与城市规划学院 硕士研究生
翟国方（通信作者）
南京大学建筑与城市规划学院 教授，博士生导师
摘要: 高新技术企业作为城市重要的创新载体之一，对处于发展机遇期的新城具有重要意义。以上海五个新城为例，运用核密度分析、探索性空间数据分析与多元线性回归模型探讨超大城市周边新城高新技术企业的时空分布特征及影响因素，并在此基础上综合评价上海五个新城高新技术企业的生长环境。分析结果表明：在时序演进方面，新城高新技术企业发展规模有待提升，产业结构尚未成熟，各新城之间存在企业发展阶段性差异；在空间演化方面，新城高新技术企业在空间上大多呈现由离散分布向“单核多节点—环绕中心城区外围”分布模式演变，存在集聚趋势及邻近跨区域交通干道的区位选择偏好，具有空间结构圈层差异性；在影响因素方面，企业集聚与高校、科研所及孵化空间等创新环境对企业分布有显著积极影响，高速出入口与商业服务可达性等建成环境因素对企业分布有一定吸引力，机场、高铁站等交通枢纽对企业分布无明显作用。
Abstract: As one of the important innovation carriers of the city, high-tech enterprises are of great significance to the new town with development opportunities. Taking five new towns in Shanghai as an example, this paper uses kernel density analysis, exploratory spatial data analysis and multiple linear regression models to explore the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors of high-tech enterprises in new towns around megacities, and comprehensively evaluates the growth environment of high-tech enterprises in five new towns in Shanghai. The research shows that in terms of time sequence evolution, the development scale of new town high-tech enterprises needs to be improved, the industrial structure is not mature, and there are phased differences in enterprise development among new towns. In terms of spatial evolution, most new town high-tech enterprises have evolved from discrete distribution to "single core and multi nodes - surrounding the periphery of the central urban area", with agglomeration trend and location selection preference of adjacent to cross-regional traffic arteries and differences in spatial structure. In terms of influencing factors, enterprise agglomeration and innovation environments such as universities, scientific research institutes and incubation space have a significant positive impact on enterprise distribution. Built environmental factors such as road access and commercial services have a certain attraction to enterprise distribution. Transportation hubs such as airports and high-speed railway stations have no significant effect on enterprise distribution.
关键词：高新技术企业；时空分布演变；上海新城
Keyword: high-tech enterprises; spatiotemporal distribution evolution; Shanghai new town
中图分类号：TU984
文献标识码: A
顾竹屹，赵民，张捷. 探索“新城”的中国化之路——上海市郊新城规划建设的回溯与展望[J]. 城市规划学刊，2014，216（3）：28-36.
GU Zhuyi, ZHAO Min, ZHANG Jie. Exploring the Chinese path of new town development: a review and outlook of new town development in Shanghai[J]. Urban Planning Forum, 2014, 216(3): 28-36.
上海市发展和改革委员会. 上海市国民经济和社会发展第十四个五年规划和二〇三五年远景目标纲要[EB/OL]. （2021-01-27）[2021-05-31]. https://www.shanghai.gov.cn/nw22396/index.html.
Shanghai Municipal Development & Reform Commission. The 14th Five-Year Plan for Shanghai economic and social development and the long-range objectives through the year 2035[EB/OL]. (2021-01-27) [2021-05-31]. https://www.shanghai.gov.cn/nw22396/index.html.
陈四辉，王亚新. 我国高新技术产业省区差异与投入绩效实证研究[J]. 经济地理，2015，35（2）：120-126.
CHEN Sihui, WANG Yaxin. An empirical study on provincial differences and investment performance in China's high-tech industries[J]. Economic Geography, 2015, 35(2): 120-126.
梁晓艳，李志刚，汤书昆，等. 我国高技术产业的空间聚集现象研究——基于省际高技术产业产值的空间计量分析[J]. 科学学研究，2007，107（3）：453-460.
LIANG Xiaoyan, LI Zhigang, TANG Shukun, et al. A study on the spatial distribution of Chinese hi-tech industries: spatial econometrics analysis based on province-level industrial output value[J]. Studies in Science of Science, 2007, 107(3): 453-460.
肖刚，杜德斌，戴其文，等. 中国区域高技术产业发展差异的时空演变[J]. 中国科技论坛，2015（12）：94-100.
XIAO Gang, DU Debin, DAI Qiwen, et al. The temporal and spatial evolution of regional high-tech industry development differences in China[J]. Forum on Science and Technology in China, 2015(12): 94-100.
肖凡，任建造，伍敏冬，等. 21世纪以来中国高新技术企业的时空分布和影响机制[J]. 经济地理，2018，38（2）：27-35.
XIAO Fan, REN Jianzao, WU Mindong, et al. The spatiotemporal evolution and the influence mechanism of high-tech enterprise locations in China during the twenty-first century[J]. Economic Geography, 2018, 38(2): 27-35.
BADE F J, NERLINGER E A. The spatial distribution of new technology-based firms: empirical results for West-Germany[J]. Papers in Regional Science, 2000, 79(2): 155-176.
陈家祥，王兴平. 南京高新区高新技术企业的空间扩散研究[J]. 城市规划，2007，235（7）：32-38.CHEN Jiaxiang, WANG Xingping. Spatial expansion of hi-tech enterprises in Nanjing hi-tech development zone[J]. City Planning Review, 2007, 235(7): 32-38.
吴素春. 科技资源密集型城市高新技术企业空间分布研究——以武汉市为例[J]. 湖北社会科学，2016，351（3）：74-82.
WU Suchun. Spatial distribution of high tech enterprises in science and technology resource intensive cities: a case study of Wuhan City[J]. Hubei Social Sciences, 2016, 351(3): 74-82.
刘青，李贵才，仝德，等. 基于ESDA的深圳市高新技术企业空间格局及影响因素[J]. 经济地理，2011，31（6）：926-933.
LIU Qing, LI Guicai, TONG De, et al. The spatial pattern and influence factors of high-tech firms in Shenzhen based on ESDA[J]. Economic Geography, 2011, 31(6): 926-933.
唐永伟，唐将伟，熊建华. 城市创新空间发展的时空演进特征与内生逻辑——基于武汉市2827家高新技术企业数据的分析[J]. 经济地理，2021，41（1）：58-65.
TANG Yongwei, TANG Jiangwei, XIONG Jianhua. Spatial-temporal evolution characteristics and endogenous logic of urban innovation space development: based on the analysis of 2827 high-tech enterprises in Wuhan[J]. Economic Geography, 2021, 41(1): 58-65.
ZHANG X, HUANG P, SUN L, et al. Spatial evolution and locational determinants of high-tech industries in Beijing[J]. Chinese Geographical Science, 2013, 23(2): 249-260.
ARAUZO-CAROD J M. Location determinants of high-tech manufacturing activities: a preliminary analysis[J]. Letters in Spatial and Resource Sciences, 2009, 2(1): 23-29.
牛艳华，许学强. 高新技术产业区位研究进展综述[J]. 地理与地理信息科学，2005（3）：70-74.
NIU Yanhua, XU Xueqiang. Review of research on location and spatial development of high-tech industry[J]. Geography and Geo-Information Science, 2005(3): 70-74.
王铮，毛可晶，刘筱，等. 高技术产业聚集区形成的区位因子分析[J]. 地理学报，2005（4）：567-576.
WANG Zheng, MAO Kejing, LIU Xiao, et al. An analysis for location factors that cause industrial agglomeration[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2005(4): 567-576.
冯奎，郑明媚. 中国新城新区发展报告[M]. 北京：中国发展出版社，2015.
FENG Kui, ZHENG Mingmei. China's new town and new district development report[M]. Beijng: China Development Press, 2015.
王俊松，潘峰华，田明茂. 跨国公司总部在城市内部的空间分异及影响因素——以上海为例[J]. 地理研究，2017，36（9）：1667-1679.
WANG Junsong, PAN Fenghua, TIAN Mingmao.Spatial pattern of headquarters of multinational enterprises in Shanghai[J]. Geographical Research, 2017, 36(9): 1667-1679.
马斌斌，陈兴鹏，陈芳婷，等. 中华老字号企业空间分异及影响因素研究[J]. 地理研究，2020，39（10）：2313-2329.
MA Binbin, CHEN Xingpeng, CHEN Fangting, et al. Spatial differentiation and influencing factors of China time-honored brand[J]. Geographical Research, 2020, 39(10): 2313-2329.
朱慧，周根贵. 国际陆港物流企业空间格局演化及其影响因素——以义乌市为例[J]. 经济地理，2017，37（2）：98-105.
ZHU Hui, ZHOU Gengui. Spatial agglomeration evolution and influencing factors of logistics enterprises in international inland port—a case study of Yiwu City[J]. Economic Geography, 2017, 37(2): 98-105.
石忆邵，史东辉. 上海郊区农业生产率的空间分异及影响因素[J]. 经济地理，2018，38（3）：135-141.
SHI Yishao, SHI Donghui. The spatial differentiation and impacting factors of agricultural productivity in Shanghai suburbs[J]. Economic Geography, 2018, 38(3): 135-141.
王瑞，蒋天颖，王帅. 宁波市港口物流企业空间格局及区位选择[J]. 地理科学，2018，38（5）：691-698.
WANG Rui, JIANG Tianying, WANG Shuai. Spatial pattern and location selection of port logistics enterprises in Ningbo[J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2018, 38(5): 691-698.
