从港口城市到综合性城市 ——山东省日照市的发展历程、动力机制及规划启示
From Port City to Comprehensive City: Development Process, Driving Mechanism and Planning Enlightenments of Rizhao City, Shandong Province
李渊文
同济大学建筑与城市规划学院 硕士 广州市城市规划勘测设计研究院 规划师
赵 民（通信作者）
同济大学建筑与城市规划学院 教授，博士生导师
丁元明
日照市自然资源和规划局 高级工程师
摘要: 山东省日照市是伴随我国改革开放而崛起的沿海港口城市，已初步建设成为综合性城市。对日照的港口与城市发展作
历时性分析，探讨其“港口—城市”发展过程中“政府—市场”的各自作用及阶段性特征，并归纳城市发展的动力机制。
研究发现：（1）改革开放以来，日照依托港口及临港产业的发展，城市功能逐步扩展和优化。（2）1978—2015年间，“政府—
市场”动力组合呈现出政府主体的层级下移和市场机制的作用增大等特征；尤其是2015年以来，省级和市级政府的政策
导向和市场需求共同成为推动日照转型发展的关键力量。（3）为了适应国际形势和国家及区域发展需求，中央和省级政
府极为重视港口和临港产业的战略布局；市级政府及其地方发展战略则同时重视谋划城市的综合发展，以服务民生并
克服过于倚重港口和临港重工业的发展局限性。最后基于对日照案例的研究，探讨对相关城市的规划启示。
Abstract: Rizhao is a port city born and rising with the national reform and opening up, which has been tentatively built into a
comprehensive city. This paper first makes a diachronic analysis of Rizhao's port and city development, then discusses the roles
and stage characteristics of "government-market" in this process, and summarizes the driving mechanism of city development.
The analysis finds that: (1)Since the reform and opening up, Rizhao has completed multiple transformations relying on the
development of port and port industries, and the city function has been gradually expanded and optimized. (2)From 1978 to
2015, the "government-market" driving force combination showed the characteristics of a downward shift of the government
body and the increase of the role of the market mechanism. Especially since 2015, the policy guidance of provincial and local
governments and market demand have jointly become the key forces in promoting the transformation and development of
the city. (3)In order to adapt to the international situation and the needs of national and regional development, the central and
provincial governments attach great importance to the strategic seaport and port industries, and the local government and its
development strategies also attach importance to planning the comprehensive development of the city in order to serve people's
livelihood and overcome the development limitations of relying too much on port and port-related heavy industry. Finally,
based on the case study of Rizhao City, the paper discusses some planning enlightenments for relevant cities.
关键词：港口—城市；发展历程；动力机制；规划启示；日照市
Keyword: port-city;；development process;；driving mechanism;；planning enlightenments;；Rizhao
中图分类号：TU984
文献标识码: A
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