社区与社区规划的空间维度 *
Spatial Dimension of Community and Community Planning
黄 怡
同济大学建筑与城市规划学院 上海市城市更新及其空间优化技术重点实验室 教授，博士生导师
摘要: 从“社区”概念中核心的空间内涵出发，对当前国内与社区相关的政策和规划实践中的空间维度认知进行正本清源的探讨。首先审视“社区”学术概念和行政定义中的空间内涵；接着基于社区的空间维度，剖析当前社区生活圈、完整居住社区两项政策实践在空间尺度上隐藏的问题实质；进而展开社区规划的相关空间比较论述，分析社区规划与社区生活圈规划、社区规划与居住区规划、社区规划与社区中的规划设计的空间维度差异；最后提出在行政语境中调整社区空间范围界定、整合社区规划类型的建议，以期为我国社区政策、行动、规划等实践提供重要的认知前提和成效保障。
Abstract: Starting from the core spatial connotation of the concept of "community", this article aims to make a thorough discussion on the cognition of spatial dimension in the current domestic community-related policy and planning practices. Firstly, it examines the spatial connotation in the academic concept and administrative definition of "community". Then, based on the spatial dimension of community, the article analyzes the hidden essence related to the spatial scale of the two policy practices of community-based life range and complete residential community. Further, relevant spatial comparison of community planning is discussed, and the spatial dimension differences between community planning and community-based life range planning, community planning and residential planning, community planning and planning and design in a community are elaborated. In the final summary and prospect, suggestions are put forward to adjust the definition of spatial scope of community and integrate the types of community planning in the administrative context, in order to provide important cognitive premises and effectiveness guarantee for the current domestic community policy, action, planning and other practices.
关键词：社区；社区规划；空间维度；社区生活圈 ；完整居住社区
Keyword: community ; community planning; spatial dimension; community-based life range; complete residential community
中图分类号：TU981
文献标识码: A
资金资助
上海市政府决策咨询研究重点课题 “上海社区分类治理研究” 2022-A-031
黄怡. 社区与社区规划的时间维度[J]. 上海城市规划，2015（4）：20-25.
HUANG Yi. Time dimension of community and community planning[J]. Shanghai Urban Planning Review, 2015(4): 20-25.
缪菁. 舜耕街道办事处听总书记的话为居民提供精准化精细化服务[EB/OL]. （2018-11-07）[2022-01-30]. http://www.shizhong.gov.cn/art/2018/11/7/art_16520_2665225.html.
MIAO Jing. Shungeng Sub-district Office listens to the president's words to provide residents with precise and refined services[EB/OL].(2018-11-07)[2022-01-30]. http://www.shizhong.gov.cn/art/2018/11/7/art_16520_2665225.html.
中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部. 住房和城乡建设部办公厅关于印发完整居住社区建设指南的通知[EB/OL].（2022-01-10）[2022-01-30].https://www.mohurd.gov.cn/gongkai/fdzdgknr/zfhcxjsbwj/202201/20220110_764055.html.
Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People's Republic of China. Notice of the General Office of the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development on printing and distributing the guide to the construction of complete residential communities[EB/OL]. (2022-01-10) [2022-01-30]. https://www.mohurd.gov.cn/gongkai/fdzdgknr/zfhcxjsbwj/202201/20220110_764055.html.
魏伟，洪梦谣，谢波. 基于供需匹配的武汉市15分钟生活圈划定与空间优化[J]. 规划师，2019，35（4）：11-17.
WEI Wei, HONG Mengyao, XIE Bo. Demand-supply matching oriented 15-minute community life cycle demarcation and spatial optimization, Wuhan[J]. Planners, 2019, 35(4): 11-17.
王引. 北京社区生活圈规划与管理——居住服务设施的定位[Z]. 清华同衡规划播报，2022-01-31.
WANG Yin. Planning and management of Beijing community life circle: positioning of residential service facilities[Z]. Tsinghua Tongheng Planning Broadcast, 2022-01-31.
吴良镛. 后单位时代需大力建设“完整社区”[EB/OL].（2010-10-31）[2022-01-30]. https://2010.qq.com/a/20101031/000379.htm.
WU Liangyong. Vigorously build an "integrated community" in the post-unit era[EB/OL]. (2010-10-31) [2022-01-30]. https://2010.qq.com/a/20101031/000379.htm.
《完整居住社区建设指南》有哪些特点？解读来了！[N]. 中国建设报，2022-01-19.
What are the features of the Complete Residential Community Construction Guide? Interpretation is here![N]. China Construction News, 2022-01-19.
柴彦威，李春江. 城市生活圈规划：从研究到实践[J]. 城市规划，2019（5）：9-16，60.
CHAI Yanwei, LI Chunjiang. Urban life cycle planning: from research to practice[J]. City Planning Review, 2019(5): 9-16, 60.
马克·戈特迪纳，雷·哈奇森. 新城市社会学[M]. 黄怡，译. 上海：上海译文出版社，2011：44-45.
GOTTDIENER M, HUTCHISON R. The new urban sociology[M]. HUANG Yi, translate. Shanghai: Shanghai Translation Publishing House, 2011: 44-45.
黄怡. 社区规划[M]. 北京：中国建筑工业出版社，2021.
HUANG Yi. Community planning[M]. Beijing: China Architecture & Building Press, 2021.
