可达与共享：学校体育设施开放对社区公共体育服务影响的实证研究*——以苏州中心城区为例
Accessibility and Sharing: An Empirical Study of the Impact of Opening School Sports Facilities on Public Sports Services in the Community—A Case Study of Suzhou Downtown
胡 莹
苏州科技大学建筑与城市规划学院 副教授，硕士生导师
马锡海
上海建筑设计研究院有限公司建筑师 工程师
摘要: 随着全民健身计划的深入开展，在城市存量发展的背景下，学校体育资源与社区的共享被认为是补充公共体育资源不足的有效手段，目前大多学者从制度层面研究，鲜有开展校地共享的空间逻辑分析与相应的策略说明。基于GIS的网络分析模块，从体育公共服务供需关系出发提出服务人数、最近可达距离、设施选择度等3个可达性衡量指标，以苏州中心城区为实证案例，量化分析学校体育设施在梯度开放下对社区公共体育服务的影响。结果显示：学校体育设施开放对扩大体育服务容量作用明显，且二者之间呈现非线性关系，当开放度达25%时服务容量增幅最大，平均可达距离控制在1 500 m以下；当开放度达50%时，居民的设施选择度大大提升。以期为体育设施规划提供思路，并为未来校地体育资源共享政策的制定提供依据，进而缓解社区体育设施资源不足的问题。
Abstract: With the in-depth development of the national fitness program, the sharing of school sports resources with the community is considered an effective means to supplement the shortage of public sports resources in the context of urban stock development. Currently, most scholars study from the institutional level, and few carry out the spatial logic analysis of school-site sharing with corresponding strategy descriptions. Based on the network analysis module of GIS, the article proposes three accessibility measures, including the number of people served, the nearest accessible distance, and the degree of facility selection, from the supply-demand relationship of sports public services, and uses Suzhou Downtown as an empirical case to quantitatively analyze the impact of school sports facilities on community public sports services under gradient opening. The results show that the opening of school sports facilities has a significant effect on the expansion of sports service capacity, and there is a non-linear relationship between the two. The service capacity increases most greatly when the opening degree reaches 25% and the average reachable distance is controlled to less than 1 500 meters. When openness reaches 50%, residents' choice of facilities is greatly enhanced. This study can provide ideas for sports facility planning and provide a basis for the development of future school-local sports resource sharing policies, which in turn can alleviate the problem of insufficient resources for community sports facilities.
关键词：学校体育设施；社区公共体育服务；可达性；苏州中心城区
Keyword: school sports resources; public sports service; accessibility; Suzhou Downtown
中图分类号：TU984
文献标识码: A
资金资助
国家自然科学基金项目 “健康城市视角下的紧凑城市形态量化指标体系研究——以苏南城市为例” 411831303
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