主题性文化遗产与城市的关联性保护研究* ——以重庆渝中区革命文物为例
Research on the Correlation Protection between Thematic Cultural Heritage and City: A Case Study of Revolutionary Cultural Relics in Yuzhong District of Chongqing
李和平
重庆大学建筑城规学院 山地城镇建设与新技术教育部重点实验室 教授，博士生导师
陈桢豪
重庆大学建筑城规学院 硕士研究生
张 政
重庆大学建筑城规学院 硕士研究生
摘要: 主题性文化遗产是指遗产间在空间上或时间上呈现明显相关性的文化遗产类型，易通过某一主题将此类文化遗产及周边附属事物加以整体保护。革命文物是特色鲜明的主题性文化遗产，是革命历史的光辉印记。由于革命文物的地理孤立性、时代久远性和保护模式静态性等，往往造成革命文物的保护工作与城市发展割裂。渝中区是重庆母城，革命文化资源丰富。以渝中区内33处不可移动革命文物①作为研究对象，以价值解析视角从地域环境维度、时空维度等建立保护利用框架，并从文化要素的活化利用、社会生活的共融共建、生态要素的有机联系、文化资本的触媒激活和空间要素的有序组织5个层面达到遗产保护与城市关联发展的目的。
Abstract: Thematic cultural heritage refers to the type of cultural heritage that has an obvious spatial or temporal correlation between heritages, and it is easy to protect such cultural heritages and peripheral accessories as a whole through a certain theme. Revolutionary cultural relics are distinctive thematic cultural heritage and a brilliant imprint of revolutionary history. Due to the geographical isolation, long-term character and static protection mode of revolutionary cultural relics, the protection is often separated from urban development. Yuzhong District is the origin of Chongqing, which is rich in revolutionary cultural resources. This paper takes 33 immovable revolutionary cultural relics in Yuzhong District as the research object, and establishes the protection and utilization framework from the perspective of value analysis from the dimensions of regional environment and time and space. The purpose of heritage protection and urban-related development is achieved from five aspects: the activation and utilization of cultural elements, the co-construction of social life, the organic connection of ecological elements, the activation of cultural capital and the orderly organization of spatial elements.
关键词：主题性；价值评估；关联性；文化遗产；革命文物
Keyword: theme; value assessment; relevance; cultural heritage; revolutionary cultural relics
中图分类号：TU984
文献标识码: A
资金资助
重庆市研究生科研创新项目 重庆市研究生科研创新项目 CYS20031
张兵. 历史城镇整体保护中的“关联性”与“系统方法”——对“历史性城市景观”概念的观察和思考[J]. 城市规划，2014，38（z2）：42-48，113.
ZHANG Bing. "Relevance" and "systematic method" in the overall protection of historical towns—observation and reflection on the concept of "historical urban landscape"[J]. City Planning Review, 2014, 38(z2): 42-48, 113.
宋代军，杨贵庆. “关联耦合法”在城市设计中的运用与思考[J]. 城市规划学刊，2007（5）：65-71.
SONG Daijun, YANG Guiqing. The application and thinking of the "correlation coupling method" in urban design[J]. Urban Planning Forum, 2007(5): 65-71.
郭璇，赵月苑，邹怡情，等. 文化遗产保护中的“关联耦合”思维——以湘鄂川黔革命根据地保护规划为例[J]. 西部人居环境学刊，2014，29（2）：65-72.
GUO Xuan, ZHAO Yueyuan, ZOU Yiqing, et al. The thinking of "correlation coupling" in the protection of cultural heritage—taking the protection planning of Hu'nan, Hubei, Sichuan and Guizhou revolutionary base areas as an example[J]. Journal of Human Settlements in West China, 2014, 29(2): 65-72.
张兵. 城乡历史文化聚落——文化遗产区域整体保护的新类型[J]. 城市规划学刊，2015（6）：5-11.
ZHANG Bing. New types of overall protection of urban and rural historical and cultural settlements–cultural heritage areas[J]. Urban Planning Forum, 2015(6): 5-11.
肖洪未. 关联性保护与利用视域下城市线性文化景观的构建[J]. 西部人居环境学刊，2016，31（5）：68-71.
XIAO Hongwei. Construction of urban linear cultural landscape from the perspective of relevance protection and utilization[J]. Journal of Human Settlements in West China, 2016, 31(5): 68-71.
邵甬，胡力骏，赵洁. 区域视角下历史文化资源整体保护与利用研究——以皖南地区为例[J]. 城市规划学刊，2016（3）：98-105.
SHAO Yong, HU Lijun, ZHAO Jie. Research on the overall protection and utilization of historical and cultural resources from a regional perspective - taking southern Anhui as an example[J]. Urban Planning Forum, 2016(3): 98-105.
梅耀林，周岚，张松，等. 跨区域线性文化遗产保护与利用[J]. 城市规划，2019，43（5）：40-47.
MEI Yaolin, ZHOU Lan, ZHANG Song, et al. Protection and utilization of interregional linear cultural heritage[J]. City Planning Review, 2019, 43(5): 40-47.
何新. 中外文化知识辞典[M]. 哈尔滨：黑龙江人民出版社，1989.
HE Xin. Dictionary of Chinese and foreign cultural knowledge[M]. Harbin: Heilongjiang People's Publishing House, 1989.
李和平，肖竞，胡禹域. 碎片式历史地段与城市整体发展耦合机制研究[J]. 城市发展研究，2014，21（9）：62-68.
LI Heping, XIAO Jing, HU Yuyu. Study on the coupling mechanism between fragmented historic sites and urban overall development[J]. Urban Development Research, 2014, 21(9): 62-68.
熊飞宇. “重庆辛亥革命历史研究”成果概述[J]. 重庆科技学院学报（社会科学版），2013（11）：136-138.
XIONG Feiyu. Research on the history of Xinhai Revolution in Chongqing[J]. Journal of Chongqing University of Science and Technology (Social Science Edition), 2013(11): 136-138.
王靖，张伶伶，武威，等. 文化主题性与城市空间特色——一个区域城市设计的两种文化思考[J]. 建筑学报，2010（8）：98-100.
WANG Jing, ZHANG Lingling, WU Wei, et al. Cultural theme and urban space characteristics-two cultural reflections on a regional urban design[J]. Architectural Journal, 2010(8): 98-100.
席丽莎，刘建朝，王明浩. 城市多元文化的基因谱系及其价值化传承[J]. 城市发展研究，2019，26（9）：1-5.
XI Lisha, LIU Jianchao, WANG Minghao. Gene pedigree of urban multiculturalism and its value inheritance[J]. Urban Development Research, 2019, 26(9): 1-5.
史晨暄. 世界文化遗产“突出的普遍价值”评价标准的演变[J]. 风景园林，2012（1）：58-62.
SHI Chenxuan. Evolution of world cultural heritage
"outstanding universal value" evaluation criteria[J]. Landscape Architecture, 2012(1): 58-62.
吴良镛. “人居二”与人居环境科学[J]. 城市规划，1997（3）：4-9.
WU Liangyong. "Habitat II" and habitat environmental science[J]. City Planning Review, 1997(3): 4-9.
高璟，林志宏. 遗产保护：城市可持续发展的平衡之道——以法国雷恩市为例[J]. 国际城市规划，2012，27（1）：69-74.
GAO Jing, LIN Zhihong. Heritage protection: the way to balance urban sustainable development—taking Ryan City, France as an example[J]. Urban Planning International, 2012, 27(1): 69-74.
都铭. 大尺度遗产与现代城市的有机共生：趋势、问题与策略[J]. 规划师，2014，30（2）：102-106.
DU Ming. The organic symbiosis of large-scale heritage and modern cities: trends, problems and strategies[J]. Planners, 2014, 30(2): 102-106.
高宣扬. 布迪厄的社会理论[M]. 上海：同济大学出版社，2004.
GAO Xuanyang. Bourdieu's social theory[M]. Shanghai: Tongji University Press, 2004.
虞大鹏，纪晓嵩. 基于文化资本理论的乡村振兴策略研究——以沂南北寨村为例[J]. 城乡规划，2020（6）：63-71.
YU Dapeng, JI Xiaosong. Study on rural revitalization strategy based on cultural capital theory-taking Beizhai Village in Yinan as an example[J]. Urban and Rural Planning, 2020(6): 63-71.
刘建平. 四川藏区红色文化资源的当代价值与开发思路[J]. 理论观察，2016（115）：105-107.
LIU Jianping. Contemporary value and development ideas of Sichuan Tibetan red cultural resources[J]. Theoretical Observation, 2016(115): 105-107.
肖竞，曹珂. 基于景观“叙事语法”与“层积机制”的历史城镇保护方法研究[J]. 中国园林，2016，32（6）：20-26.
XIAO Jing, CAO Ke. Research on historical town protection methods based on landscape "narrative grammar" and "stratification mechanism"[J]. Chinese Landscape Architecture, 2016, 32(6): 20-26.
全峰梅，王绍森. 转型•矛盾•思考——谈我国城乡文化遗产保护观念的变迁[J]. 规划师，2019，35（4）：89-93.
QUAN Fengmei, WANG Shaosen. Transformation •contradiction • thinking - on the change of the concept of cultural heritage protection in urban and rural China[J]. Planners, 2019, 35(4): 89-93.
何镜堂，海佳，郭卫宏. 从选择到表达——当代文化建筑文化性塑造模式研究[J]. 建筑学报，2012（12）：100-103.
HE Jingtang, HAI Jia, GUO Weihong. From selection to expression - research on the cultural shaping pattern of contemporary cultural architecture[J]. Architectural Journal, 2012(12): 100-103.
