城市建成环境对通勤碳排放的影响——以北京市为例
Study on the Impact of Urban Built Environment on Commuting Carbon Emissions: A Case Study of Beijing
张 纯
北京交通大学建筑与艺术学院 教授，博士生导师
宁延豪
中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所 研实员
梁 颖
北京师范大学政府管理学院 博士研究生
摘要: 基于城市形态理论和职住空间关系理论，以问卷数据和质性访谈数据为依据，运用分层回归研究法和质性研究法考察建成环境对通勤行为的影响，辅以北京市大栅栏社区、草厂社区和天通苑小区3个分别位于北京市老城区胡同和中心城区外围的具有代表性的地区进行实地调研访谈。研究发现：（1）北京市通勤碳排放呈现出中心低碳化、外围高碳化的空间分布特征。（2）公交供给和轨道交通对降低通勤碳排放有显著作用。职住相对平衡的街道、轨道和公交网络密度较高的街道，其通勤碳排放也相对较低。（3）不仅居住地建成环境特征会影响通勤碳排放，通勤过程中的附加活动需求与换乘便利程度对通勤碳排放也有间接影响。因而，建成环境对通勤碳排放的影响除了直接的物质空间因素，还包括间接的个体视角。以期为超大城市制定因地制宜的减碳策略提供借鉴。
Abstract: This article is based on the theory of urban form and the theory of spatial relationships between work and residence. Based on questionnaire data and qualitative interview data, stratified regression research and qualitative research methods are used to investigate the impact of built environment on commuting behaviors. Three representative areas in Beijing, namely Dashilan Community, Caochang Community, and Tiantongyuan Community located on the outskirts of Hutong in the old urban area and the central urban area, are conducted on-site research interviews. Research has found that: (1) Beijing's commuting carbon emissions exhibit spatial distribution characteristics of low carbon in the center and high carbon in the periphery. (2) Public transportation supply and rail transit have a significant impact on reducing commuting carbon emissions. Streets with relatively balanced work and housing, as well as streets with a high density of rail and bus networks, have relatively low carbon emissions from commuting. (3) Not only will the built environment characteristics of the residence affect commuting carbon emissions, but the demand for additional activities during commuting and the ease of transfer also have an indirect impact on commuting carbon emissions. Therefore, the impact of built environment on commuting carbon emissions includes not only direct material and spatial factors, but also indirect individual perspectives. Research can provide references for developing carbon reduction strategies tailored to local conditions in large cities.
关键词：建成环境；低碳；通勤碳排放；职住空间关系；北京
Keyword: built environment; low carbon; commuting carbon emissions; relationship between work and residence space; Beijing
中图分类号：TU984
文献标识码: A
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