儿童放学活动机会与通学环境的关联性及活动机 会谱研究*
The Correlation Between Children's After-School Activity Opportunity and Travel Environment of Walking to School and Activity Opportunity Spectrum
陆 明
哈尔滨工业大学建筑与设计学院 寒地城乡人居环境科学与技术工业和信息化部重点 实验室 教授，博士生导师
孟庆贺（通信作者）
哈尔滨工业大学建筑与设计学院 寒地城乡人居环境科学与技术工业和信息化部重点 实验室 博士研究生，hitmqh@126.com
张 岩
哈尔滨工业大学建筑与设计学院 寒地城乡人居环境科学与技术工业和信息化部重点 实验室 博士研究生
李瑞南
哈尔滨工业大学建筑与设计学院 寒地城乡人居环境科学与技术工业和信息化部重点 实验室 硕士研究生
摘要: 为研究儿童放学活动与通学环境之间的关系特征，首先，通过构建儿童放学活动机会函数，从通学距离、交通安全、街道 连通、环境舒适和设施吸引5个特征维度测度通学环境，分析通学环境对放学活动机会的影响。其次，总结不同放学活动 机会下通学环境特征、放学活动行为及放学活动空间需求等差异特点，绘制儿童放学活动机会谱。最后，得到研究结果： （1）5个维度通学环境特征与儿童放学活动机会存在显著相关性；（2）对通学环境的感知程度从高到低依次为街道连通、 设施吸引、交通安全、环境舒适、通学距离，但不同活动机会下主观感知各有侧重；（3）放学活动机会谱解释了不同放学 活动机会与通学环境、放学活动行为及放学活动空间需求所对应的映射关系。以期为儿童通学路径建设提供参考。
Abstract: To analyze the correlation between the opportunity of children's after-school activity (CASA) and the travel environment of walking to or from school (WTFS), this paper constructs the opportunity function of CASA. The travel environment of WTFS is measured from the five characteristics of proximity distance, traffic safety, street connectivity, environmental comfort, and facility attractiveness. This paper analyzes the effect of the travel environment of WTFS on the opportunity of CASA by regression analysis and summarizes the differences in environment characteristics, activity behavior, and space needs under different activity opportunities to draw the opportunity spectrum of CASA. The results show a significant correlation between the opportunity of CASA and the five characteristics of the travel environment of WTFS. The subjective perception degree of the characteristics of the travel environment of WTFS is street connectivity > facility attractiveness > traffic safety > environment comfort > proximity distance, but the perception has different focuses for different activity opportunities. The activity opportunity spectrum expresses the corresponding relationship between the different opportunities of CASA and the characteristics of the travel environment, activity behavior, and space demand, which reflects the different preferences of CASA. This paper provides references for the construction of the travel environment of WTFS.
关键词：通学；儿童放学活动机会；通学环境；活动机会函数；活动机会谱
Keyword: walking to or from school (WTFS); children's after-school activity (CASA); travel environment of WTFS; activity opportunity function; activity opportunity spectrum
中图分类号：TU984
文献标识码: A
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