老旧社区防灾更新建设管控* ——基于东京市防灾街区整备地区更新经验

Disaster Prevention and Renewal Construction Control of Old Communities: Based on Experience of Disaster Prevention District Renewal in Tokyo City

马东辉
北京工业大学建筑与城市规划学院 北京工业大学抗震减灾研究所 研究员,博士生导师

朱孟华
北京工业大学建筑与城市规划学院 博士研究生

费智涛
北京工业大学建筑与城市规划学院 博士研究生

刘 刚
北京工业大学建筑与城市规划学院 北京工业大学抗震减灾研究所 讲师,硕士生导师

王 威(通信作者)
北京工业大学建筑与城市规划学院 北京工业大学抗震减灾研究所 教授,博士生导师,ieeww@bjut.edu.cn

摘要: 大量亟待更新的城市老旧社区是城市建设发展的重要议题,在地震灾害下呈现出高脆弱性、高暴露性和高损失的特 性,老旧社区的防灾更新建设更显必要。首先总结东京市防灾街区整备地区建设的框架,明确“风险评估—地区划分— 设施保障—建设管控”的建设逻辑;然后介绍具体的更新措施,通过风险评估和地区识别高风险的更新区域,划分两 种地区和5类用地功能区,提出地区防灾设施的配置要求,并通过用地、设施、建筑3类要素落实防灾管控要求;最后从 地震风险的明晰、分类分区的特色引导、防灾设施保障、管控内容落实4个方面探讨对我国老旧社区建设的启示。

Abstract: A large number of old urban communities that are in urgent need of renewal are important issues in urban construction and development. They are characterized by high vulnerability, high exposure and high loss under earthquake disasters, so disaster prevention and renewal construction of old communities are more necessary. This paper first summarizes the construction framework of disaster prevention districts in Tokyo, and clarifies the construction logic of "risk assessment - district division - facility support - construction control". Then it introduces specific renewal measures, defines high-risk renewal areas through risk assessment and regional identification, divides two types of areas and five types of land use functional areas, puts forward the configuration requirements of regional disaster prevention facilities, and implements disaster prevention and control requirements through three elements of land use, facilities and buildings. Finally, the enlightenment to the construction of old communities in China is discussed from four aspects: the clarity of earthquake risk, the characteristic guidance of classification and zoning, the guarantee of disaster prevention facilities, and the implementation of management and control contents.

关键词:防灾街区整备地区;地震灾害;老旧社区;更新建设;东京市

Keyword: disaster prevention block reconditioning area; earthquake disaster; old neighborhood; renewal and construction; Tokyo City

中图分类号:TU984

文献标识码: A

王峤. 高密度环境下的城市中心区防灾规划研
究[D]. 天津:天津大学,2013.
WANG Qiao. Study on disaster prevention planning 
in urban center under high density environment[D]. 
Tianjin: Tianjin University, 2013.
中国城市规划学会. 城镇更新区划定技术导则
(征求意见稿)[S]. 2022.
China Society of Urban Planning. Technical 
guidelines for the delineation of urban renewal 
zones (draft for comment)[S]. 2022.
孔维东,曾坚,钟京. 城市既有社区防灾空间系
统改造策略研究[J]. 建筑学报,2014(2):6-11.
KONG Weidong, ZENG Jian, ZHONG Jing. 
Research on reconstruction strategy of disaster 
prevention space system in existing urban com-
munities[J]. Journal of Architecture, 2014(2): 6-11.
蔡凯臻. 提升空间防灾安全的城市设计策
略——基于街区层面紧急疏散避难的时空过程
[J]. 建筑学报,2018(8):46-50.
CAI Kaizhen. Urban design strategy for improving 
spatial disaster prevention safety: spatial-temporal 
process of emergency evacuation at block level[J]. 
Architectural Journal, 2018(8): 46-50.
徐柏刚,唐建. 地震灾害下的老旧社区避难场地
规划方法研究[J]. 世界地震工程,2022,38(4):
8-17.
XU Bogang, TANG Jian. Research on the planning 
method of evacuation site in old community 
under earthquake disaster[J]. World Earthquake 
Engineering, 2022, 38(4): 8-17.
東京都. 東京都市計画防災街区整備方針[EB/
OL]. [2022-11-28]. https://www.toshiseibi.metro.
tokyo.lg.jp/seisaku/master_plan/master04.htm.
東京都台東区. 谷中地区地区計画区域内におけ
る壁面後退奨励[EB/OL]. (2022-10-01)[2022-
12-20]. https://www.city.taito.lg.jp/kenchiku/
machidukuri/bosaimachizukuri/misshu/yanaka 
hekimenkoutai.html.
建築室建築防災課.西新井駅西口周辺地区防災
街区整備地区計画[EB/OL]. [2022-11-28]. https://
www.city.adachi.tokyo.jp/misshu/machi/toshi/bosai 
gaiku.html.
東京都. 木密地域不燃化10年プロジェクト」実
施方針[EB/OL]. [2022-11-28] . https://www.funenka.
metro.tokyo.lg.jp/initiatives/fireproof-special-zonesystem/ .
東京都市街地整備部. 防災都市づくり推進計
画[EB/OL]. [2022-11-28]. https://www.funenka.
metro.tokyo.lg.jp/promotion-plan/.
東京都. 東京都风险评估[EB/OL]. [2022-11-28]. 
https://www.toshiseibi.metro.tokyo.lg.jp/bosai/
chousa_6/home.html.
葛飾区. 防災街区整備計画[EB/OL]. (2012-08-
01)[2022-11-28]. Https://www.city.katsushika.
lg.jp/kurashi/1000060/1003612.html.
世田谷区. 世田谷区役所周边地区防災街区整備 計画[EB/OL]. [2022-11-28]. https://honyaku.j-server.
com/lucsetagay/ns/tl.cgi/https://www.city.setagaya.
lg.jp/mokuji/sumai/003/004/d00150524.html?slan
g=ja&tlang=zh&xmode=0&xparam=q&XCHARS
ET=utf-8&XPORG=-&XJSID=0.
北区. 志茂地区防災街区整備地区計画[EB/OL]. 
(2015-12-17)[2022-11-28]. https://citykita.j-server.
com/LUCKITA/ns/tl.cgi/https%3a//www.city.kita.
tokyo.jp/machisuishin/simochikukeikaku.html?S
LANG=ja&TLANG=zh&XMODE=0&XPARAM
=q,&XCHARSET=utf-8&XPORG=,&XJSID=0. 
中野区. 南台一二丁目地区防災街区整備地区
計画[EB/OL]. (2022-08-01)[2022-11-28]. Https://
www.city.tokyo-nakano.lg.jp/dept/521000/d002248.
html.
大田区. 大森中•糀谷•蒲田地区防災街区整備地
区計画[EB/OL]. (2011-10-01)[2022-11-28]. Http://
www.city.ota.tokyo.jp/seikatsu/sumaimachinami/
machizukuri/toshikeikaku/keikaku/index.html.
江戸川区. 松島三丁目地区防災街区整備地区計 画[EB/OL]. (2005-7-21)[2022-11-28]. Https://www.
city.edogawa.tokyo.jp/e016/toshikeikaku/kenchiku/
ruletokyogi/keikakunaiyo/kakuchikukeikakunonaiyo/
matsushima3.html.
北区. 上十条三•四丁目地区防災街区整備地区
計画[EB/OL]. (2015-12-17)[2022-11-28]. Https://
citykita.j-server.com/luckita/ns/tl.cgi/https%3a//
www.city.kita.tokyo.jp/jujomachi/jutaku/toshike 
kaku/sebi-02/kekaku.html?slang=ja&tlang=z
h&xmode=0&xparam=q&XCHARSET=utf-
8&XPORG=-&XJSID=0.
品川区. 特定防災街区整備地区(荏原町駅前
地区)計画[EB/OL]. (2012-10-31)[2022-11-28]. 
Https://www.city.shinagawa.tokyo.jp/pc/kankyo/
kankyo-toshiseibi/hpg000019087.html. 
大田区. 羽田地区防災街区整備地区[EB/OL]. 
[2022-11-28]. http://www.city.ota.tokyo.jp/seika 
tsu/sumaimachinami/machizukuri/toshikeikaku/
keikaku/index.html.
建築室建築防災課.千住仲町地区防災街区整備
地区計画[EB/OL]. [2022-11-28]. https://www.city.
adachi.tokyo.jp/misshu/machi/toshi/bosaigaiku.html.
建築審査課. 大森中•糀谷•蒲田地区防災街区整
備地区計画[EB/OL].[2022-11-28]. https://www.city.
ota.tokyo.jp/seikatsu/sumaimachinami/bousai_machi 
dukuri/b_machidukuri/okkbousaigaiku.html.
蔡凯臻. 基于防灾安全的住区空间更新改造—日
本实践及其启示[J]. 新建筑,2021(1):58-62.
CAI Kaizhen. Spatial renovation and reconstruction 
of residential areas based on disaster prevention and 
safety: Japanese practice and its enlightenment[J]. 
New Buildings, 2021(1): 58-62.

微信扫一扫
关注“上海城市规划”
公众号