大数据支持下公共交通导向发展的新城特征比较——以上海、东京、新加坡、香港为例
Characteristics of New Towns in Transit-Oriented Development Supported by Big Data: A Comparative Study of Shanghai, Tokyo, Singapore, and Hong Kong
崔敏榆
同济大学建筑与城市规划学院 博士研究生
庄 宇（通信作者）
同济大学建筑与城市规划学院 教授，博士生导师 arch-urban@163.com
张灵珠
同济大学建筑与城市规划学院 高密度人居环境生态与节能教育部重点实验室 副教授，硕士生导师
卢 涵
同济大学建筑与城市规划学院 硕士研究生
摘要: 在大运量城市轨道交通的支持下，建设新城成为超大城市优化城镇空间布局、缓解城市人口与用地压力的有力手段。上 海作为我国的超大城市之一，在新一轮城市建设中提出了将五个新城建设成为独立的综合性节点城市的新要求。为了 更好地引导未来上海新城的建设与规划，选取东京、新加坡、香港3个亚洲城市中不同发展类型的新城与上海的松江新 城进行城市建成环境的特征比较。利用多源大数据对不同新城的建成环境进行量化及发展特征评估，探究不同发展类 型的新城的建成环境的异同，以了解上海新城的发展现状及其与发展成熟的新城间的差异。最后结合上海新城的规划 目标，为上海新城发展成为独立的综合性节点城市的目标提出优化策略与建议。
Abstract: Supported by high-capacity urban rail transit, building new towns has become a powerful means for mega-cities to optimize urban spatial layout and alleviate the pressure of population and land use. Shanghai as one of the mega cities in China, has proposed the new requirement of constructing 5 new towns as independent comprehensive node cities. In order to guide the future of Shanghai's new town construction and planning, this paper selects 6 new towns of different development types, from Singapore, Tokyo, and Hong Kong to make comparisons with Shanghai's Songjiang New Town in terms of urban built environment characteristics. By quantifying the built environment of different new towns and assessing their overall development characteristics using multi-source big data, this study explores the similarities and differences in the built environment of new towns and seeks to understand the development status of Shanghai's new towns and the differences with other Asian new cities. Finally, combined with the planning goals of Shanghai's new towns, optimization strategies and suggestions are proposed to achieve the goal of developing Shanghai's new towns into independent comprehensive cities.
关键词：新城；综合性节点城市；多源大数据；TOD
Keyword: new town; comprehensive node cities; multi-source big data; TOD
中图分类号：TU984
文献标识码: A
陈群民，吴也白，刘学华. 上海新城建设回顾、分
析与展望[J]. 城市规划学刊，2010（5）：79-86.
CHEN Qunmin, WU Yebai, LIU Xuehua. The construction of Shanghai new cities: review, analysis and prospect[J]. Urban Planning Forum, 2010(5): 79-86.
杨东峰，刘正莹. 中国30年来新区发展历程回顾
与机制探析[J]. 国际城市规划，2017，32（2）：
26-33.
YANG Dongfeng, LIU Zhengying. Exploring history and mechanism of Chinese new areas in recent 30 years[J]. Urban Planning International, 2017, 32(2): 26-33.
张京祥，黄龙颜. 城镇化2.0时代的中国新城规划
建设转型[J]. 上海城市规划，2022（2）：54-58.
ZHANG Jingxiang, HUANG Longyan. Transition
of China's new town development in the context of urbanization 2.0[J]. Shanghai Urban Planning
Review, 2022(2): 54-58.
城市规划学刊编辑部. “上海五大新城建设及相
关思考”学术笔谈[J]. 城市规划学刊，2022（1）：
1-9.
Urban Planning Forum Editorial Office. Academic
discussion on "Construction of Shanghai's Five New Towns and Related Thoughts"[J]. Urban Planning Forum, 2022(1): 1-9.
陈建华. 西方国家郊区新城的起源与演化[J]. 上
海经济研究，2014（8）：94-101.
CHEN Jianhua. The origin and evolution of suburban new towns in western countries[J]. Shanghai Journal of Economics, 2014(8): 94-101.
郑德高，王英. 新城发展取向与创新试验——基
于国际建设经验与未来趋势[J]. 上海城市规划，
2021（4）：30-36.
ZHENG Degao, WANG Ying. New town develop-
ment orientation and innovative pilot: based on
international experiences and future trends[J].
Shanghai Urban Planning Review, 2021(4): 30-36.
李道勇，运迎霞，董艳霞. 轨道交通导向的大都
市区空间整合与新城发展——新加坡相关建设
经验与启示[J]. 城市发展研究，2013，20（6）：
148-151.
LI Daoyong, YUN Yingxia, DONG Yanxia. The integrated with urban space and the development
of new towns in China's metropolitan area guided
by the rail transit: Singapore's experience in building and inspiration[J]. Urban Development Studies, 2013, 20(6): 148-151.
张亚津. 中国香港与新加坡，两个东亚都市战后
的新城实践[J]. 住区，2021（1）：78-89.
ZHANG Yajin. Hong Kong China and Singapore,
the two different new city planning strategy approaches in East Asia[J]. Design Community, 2021(1): 78-89.
CALTHORPE P. The next American metropolis: ecology, community, and the American dream[M].
New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 1993.
陆化普. 导读：日本式TOD及东京的启示[J]. 城
市交通，2017，15（1）：5-6.
LU Huapu. Guide of special topics: transit-oriented
development in Japan and the experience in Tokyo[J]. Urban Transport of China, 2017, 15(1): 5-6.
CERVERO R, KOCKELMAN K. Travel demand and the 3Ds: density, diversity, and design[J]. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 1997, 2(3): 199-219.
EWING R, CERVERO R. Travel and the built environment[J]. Journal of the American Planning
Association, 2010, 76(3): 265-294.
EWING R, CERVERO R. Travel and the built environment: a synthesis[J]. Transportation Research Record, 2001, 1780(1): 87-114.
夏正伟，张烨. 从“5D”到“5D+N”：英文文献
中TOD效能的影响因素研究[J]. 国际城市规划，
2019，34（5）：109-116.
XIA Zhengwei, ZHANG Ye. From "5D" to "5D+N": research published in English on the
factors influencing TOD performance[J]. Urban Planning International, 2019, 34(5): 109-116.
ZHOU J, YANG Y, GU P, et al. Can TODness improve (expected) performances of TODs? An exploration facilitated by non-traditional data[J].
Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 2019, 74: 28-47.
张灵珠，CHIARADIA A. 大数据背景下轨道交
通站点区域TOD效能评价研究——以香港为例
[J]. 建筑技艺，2020，26（9）：85-89.
ZHANG Lingzhu, CHIARADIA A. Evaluation of
TOD performances using multi-source big data: the case studies in Hong Kong[J]. Architecture Technique, 2020, 26(9): 85-89.
QIANG D, ZHANG L, HUANG X. Quantitative evaluation of TOD performance based on multi-
source data: a case study of Shanghai[J]. Frontiers
in Public Health, 2022, 10: 820694.
刘伟，孙佳，王鹏，等. 城市大数据认知计算研究
与应用进展[J]. 计算机科学，2024，51（7）：
49-58.
LIU Wei, SUN Jia, WANG Peng, et al. Develop-
ment on methods and applications of cognitive computing of urban big data[J]. Computer Science,
2024, 51(7): 49-58.
王振亮. 上海新一轮新城建设与中国式现代化
的基本模式和路径探索——以松江新城统筹城
乡创新转型实现跨越式发展为例[J]. 上海城市
管理，2023，32（5）：43-51.
WANG Zhenliang. Research on the basic mode and path of Shanghai's new round of new city construction and Chinese-style modernization[J].
Shanghai Urban Management, 2023, 32(5): 43-51.
张贝贝，刘云刚. 日本的“卧城”建设：多摩新
城的案例研究[J]. 国际城市规划，2015，30（6）：
114-120.
ZHANG Beibei, LIU Yungang. "Commuter town"
construction in Japan: a case study of Tama New Town, Japan[J]. Urban Planning International, 2015, 30(6): 114-120.
Jurong Lake District. Transforming Jurong Lake District[EB/OL]. (2025-03-20)[2025-04-11]. https://www.jld.gov.sg/.
陈可石，胡媛，杨天翼. 新加坡21世纪新镇规划
模式研究——以榜鹅新镇为例[J]. 特区经济，
2013（1）：82-85.
CHEN Keshi, HU Yuan, YANG Tianyi. Singapore
21 century new town planning mode research: take Banger new town as example[J]. Special Zone
Economy, 2013(1): 82-85.
吴珊珊，庄宇，陈杰，等. 新城市主义的启示与反
思——以中国香港屯门新市镇为例[J]. 城市建
筑，2019，16（28）：31-35.
WU Shanshan, ZHUANG Yu, CHEN Jie, et al. Enlightening and rethinking of new urbanism:
a case of Tuen Mun New Town, Hong Kong, China[J]. Urbanism and Architecture, 2019, 16(28): 31-35.
CERVERO R. Jobs housing balance as public policy[J]. Urban Land, 1991, 50(10): 4-10.
SIKSNA A. The effects of block size and form in
North American and Australian city centres[J]. Urban Morphology, 1997, 1(1): 19-33.
张灵珠，晴安蓝，崔敏榆，等. 立体化超高密度亚
热带城市的老年群体休憩用地使用偏好研究[J].
国际城市规划，2020，35（1）：36-46.
ZHANG Lingzhu, QING Anlan, CUI Minyu, et al.
The elder's preferences for open spaces in multilevel,
hyper dense sub-tropical city[J]. Urban
Planning International, 2020, 35(1): 36-46.
崔敏榆. 香港“轨道+物业”开发模式现状及启
示[J]. 住宅科技，2019，39（10）：15-20.
CUI Minyu. Status quo and enlightenment of
Hong Kong's development mode of "railways +
properties"[J]. Housing Science, 2019, 39(10):
15-20.
