多方协作的无障碍环境建设——美国加州无障碍环境的实施机制分析
Cooperative Development of Inclusive Urban Environment with Multi- participation: Analysis on Implementation Mechanism of Barrier-free Environment in California, USA
任 婧
中国城市规划设计研究院深圳分院 规划师，硕士，454051682@qq.com
张若冰
中国城市规划设计研究院深圳分院 副总规划师，硕士
摘要: “人居三”以来，包容性发展成为国际大力推进的人居环境目标。无障碍环境作为包容性发展的必要空间措施，正在跨 越建筑和环境工程尺度，进入城市规划的实践范畴。针对国内无障碍环境建设相对单一的管理以及施工、维护效果不尽 人意的现状，通过分析美国《ADA可达性设计规范》落实到加州地方建设管理的过程，揭示政府部门、业主、专业技术 人员和司法部门等不同角色在无障碍环境建设中的互动关系，提出构建多方制衡的监督网络与制定适应多种情况的政 策工具包，对实现环境可达性效果的重要作用，为我国当前无障碍环境的建设管理提供借鉴。
Abstract: Since "Habitat III", inclusive development has become an international goal for human settlements. As a spatial precondition for inclusive development, a barrier-free and accessible environment is going to break through the micro-scope of architecture and engineering and explore an evolution into a scope of urban planning with systematic collaboration. As the current construction and maintenance of urban public space and facilities in China are not desirable, this article analyzes the implementation process of ADA Accessible Standards in local building management in California to look for enlightenment. It analyzes the policy mechanism that was gradually completed over the years and reveals the interactive relationships among the government departments, private owners, professionals, and the justice department. The establishment of a multi- participation and supervision network and the policy toolkit consisting of lawsuit punishment, rewards, and technical support from the CASp and the CCDA are essential for building an accessible environment.
关键词：无障碍；可达性；多方协作关系；实施机制；政策工具包
Keyword: barrier-free environment; accessibility; multi-participation; implementation mechanism; policy toolkit
中图分类号：TU984
文献标识码: A
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