社区生活圈活动的时空间结构研究
Study on the Spatial-temporal Structure of Community Life Circle from the Perspective of Residents' Daily Activities
张 艳
北京联合大学北京学研究所 教授，硕士生导师，博士 yanzhang@buu.edu.cn
刘伟中
北京联合大学应用文理学院 硕士研究生
王晶鑫
北京联合大学应用文理学院 硕士研究生
摘要: 时空间行为视角下社区生活圈的时空间结构研究是进行城市更新和社区生活圈优化的基础。已有研究多侧重社区生活圈的空间形态及功能优化分析，而对居民活动的时空动态性和复杂情境刻画不足。从时间地理学出发，以北京近郊当代—怡美社区生活圈为例，将社区生活圈划分为小区、基本社区生活圈、共享社区生活圈和扩展生活圈4个圈层，从居民在不同圈层的活动时间节奏、时空热点、活动序列特征等方面透视社区生活圈活动的时空间结构及其影响因素。研究发现，居民在社区生活圈内不同圈层开展各类家外非工作活动的时空需求存在明显差异性：小区是老年人休闲与社交、年轻人育儿的重要空间，而基本社区生活圈承载较多家庭照料、育儿和食物活动，共享社区生活圈进一步承载更为多样化的活动需求，尤其是长时段的休闲与社交活动。工作日上午居民在基本社区生活圈内活动较为活跃，下午更多在小区内活动,而休息日二者相反。此外，居民不同时段在社区生活圈各圈层的活动时空安排呈现出明显的活动分异和人群分异。
Abstract: Research on the spatial-temporal structure of community life circles from the perspective of the space-time behavior approach could provide the scientific basis for urban renewal and community life circle optimization. Existing research focuses on the morphological and functional characterization of community life circles, and insufficient attentions are paid to the space-time dynamics and complexity of residents' everyday activities. From the perspective of time-geography, this study takes the Dangdai-Yimei community life circles in the inner suburbs of Beijing as a case study and probes into four categories: inside the neighborhood, the basic community life circle, the shared community life circle, and the extended life circle. It analyzes the spatial-temporal structure and influencing factors of the out-of-home non-work activities of residents in the community life circles from the perspectives of activity rhythm, space-time hotpots, and activity sequences. The study finds that there are clear differences in the spatial and temporal needs of residents for various types of non-work activities outside the home in different types of community life circles. The neighborhood is important for the elderly to take up leisure and social activities and for younger people to care for their children, while the basic community life circle carries more household, childcare, and food activities, and the shared community life circle further carries the diversified activity needs of residents, especially long-time leisure and social activities. On weekdays, residents are more active within the basic community life circle in the morning, while their activities are more concentrated in the neighborhood in the afternoon. In contrast, this pattern is reversed on weekends. In addition, residents' space-time arrangement of activities in different layers of the community life circle at different times exhibits clear differentiation in both activity types and socioeconomic groups.
关键词：社区生活圈；时空间结构；时空间行为；家外非工作活动；北京近郊区
Keyword: community life circle; spatial-temporal structure; space-time behavior, out-of-home non-work activities; Beijing inner suburb
中图分类号：TU984
文献标识码: A
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