时空行为视角下多层级城市生活圈空间结构测度 与类型划分研究*——以北京市为例
Spatial Structure Measurement and Classification of Multi-level Urban Life Circle from the Perspective of Space Time Behavior Analysis: A Case Study of Beijing
梁 弘
北京市城市规划设计研究院数字技术规划中心 工程师，硕士
鞠秋雯
北京城垣数字科技有限责任公司 工程师，硕士
柴彦威
北京大学城市与环境学院 教授，博士生导师
金尚琪
北京城垣数字科技有限责任公司 工程师，硕士
孙道胜
北京市城市规划设计研究院数字技术规划中心 主任工程师，高级工程师，博士
张晓东
北京市城市规划设计研究院科技委副总师、数字 技术规划中心主任，正高级工程师，博士研究生
顾重泰（通信作者）
北京市城市规划设计研究院数字技术规划中心 工程师，硕士，guzhongtai@bjghy.com
摘要: 依据城市生活圈理论，基于时空大数据对北京市的多层级城市生活圈进行研究。利用社团识别、核密度估计和多算法聚类等技术手段，量化测度北京社区生活圈、通勤生活圈和扩展生活圈的空间结构，刻画居民活动产生的“社区—停留点—路径”网络，揭示了不同生活圈居民日常活动的时空规律。根据通勤及生活性出行的距离—概率曲线，利用基于Hausdroff距离的K-Medoids聚类算法对北京全市社区生活圈进行类型划分和特征归纳，同时选取代表性案例进行深入分析。研究发现北京全市生活圈依照不同出行特征可划分为均衡型、通勤依赖型、生活依赖型、廊道型及其他类型5大模式，其差异主要体现在就业活动和其他生活性活动圈层与居住地和城市中心的空间相对关系上，空间上呈现显著的圈层分布特征。研究为理解城市生活圈的空间结构提供了实证基础，并为城市规划和管理实践提供数据支持和决策参考。
Abstract: Utilizing spatiotemporal big data, this study conducts empirical research on multi-level urban life circles in Beijing from the perspective of the urban life circle theory. Combining quantitative methods such as community detection, kernel density estimation,
and multi-algorithm clustering, boundaries of community life circles, commuting life circles, and extended life circles in Beijing are analyzed respectively. A "community - stay point - path" network generated from residents' activities is mapped, which reveals
spatiotemporal patterns of various daily travels of community life circles. Applying the K-Medoids clustering algorithm on Hausdorff distance between travel distance - probability curves of commuting and non-work trips separately, community life circles
are classified into several distinct categories, upon which in-depth case studies are carried out. Results demonstrate that Beijing's life circles have five patterns: balanced, commute-dependent, life-dependent, corridor-oriented, and special pattern.Differences primarily exist in the spatial relativity of employment and activity life circles to places of residence and urban centers, showing significant concentric and polycentric spatial distribution. The study not only provides empirical insights into the spatial logic of urban life circles but also offers data-driven references for urban planning and governance practices.
关键词：生活圈；时空行为学；时空大数据；手机信令数据；K-Medoids聚类
Keyword: life circle; space-time behavior; spatiotemporal big data; cellular signaling data; K-Medoids clustering
中图分类号：TU984
文献标识码: A
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