上海郊区轨道交通对城市空间结构演变影响研究*
The Influence of Shanghai Suburban Rail Transit on the Evolution of Urban Spatial Structure
钮心毅
同济大学建筑与城市规划学院 自然资源部国土空间智能规划技术重点实验室 教授，博士生导师，niuxinyi@tongji.edu.cn
来佳莹
上海市城市规划设计研究院 助理规划师，硕士
摘要: 从职住空间结构、生活空间结构两个维度入手，探究上海郊区轨道交通（以下简称“轨交”）对2011—2021年间上海市 域城市空间结构演变的影响。使用手机信令数据识别出的居住—就业和居住—游憩联系，计算两年度功能多中心指标、 郊区轨交站点周边地区相应联系的变化，以分析郊区轨交对市域功能多中心演变的作用；比较两年度各就业及公共活 动中心联系范围、能级的变化，以分析郊区轨交对中心体系演变的作用。研究发现，在职住空间结构上，上海郊区轨交整 体促进了市域功能单中心趋势加强，对市域居住—就业功能联系极化发展有明显作用，并在中心能级和服务范围上均 改变了就业中心体系；在生活空间结构上，郊区轨交局部推动了市域功能多中心发展，对市域居住—游憩功能联系分散 化起到的作用并不突出，仅起到了扩大公共活动中心在郊区服务范围的作用。郊区轨交给职住空间结构、生活空间结构 带来了截然不同的效应。要实现上海市域多中心规划目标，需分两个维度认识郊区轨交对城市空间结构的作用，分类制 定规划策略。
Abstract: From the two dimensions of jobs-housing spatial structure and recreation-housing spatial structure, this paper explores the influence of Shanghai suburban rail transit on the evolution of urban spatial structure between 2011 and 2021. Based on the jobs-housing linkages and recreation-housing linkages both identified by mobile signaling data, we calculate the functional polycentricity indicators and changes of corresponding linkages in the surrounding areas of suburban rail stations, to analyze the effect of suburban rail transit on the evolution of urban functional polycentricity. Then we compare the changes in the service scope and service scale of each employment and public activity center to explain the role of suburban rail transit in the evolution of the center system. It is found that, in the jobs-housing spatial structure, the suburban rail transit in Shanghai has comprehensively strengthened the functional monocentricity, played a significant role in the polarized development of jobs- housing linkages, and changed the employment center system in both service scale and service scope. While in the recreation- housing spatial structure, the suburban rail transit has partially promoted the development of functional polycentricity. Instead of directly leading to the decentralization of recreation-housing linkages, it only plays a role in expanding the service scope in the suburbs for the public activity centers. Suburban rail transit has brought completely different effects on jobs-housing spatial structure and recreation-housing spatial structure. In order to achieve Shanghai's planning goal of urban polycentricity, it is necessary to recognize the influence of suburban rail transit on the urban spatial structure from two dimensions and formulate planning strategies by classification.
关键词：郊区轨交；职住空间结构；生活空间结构；上海
Keyword: suburban rail transit; jobs-housing spatial structure; recreation-housing spatial structure; Shanghai
中图分类号：TU984
文献标识码: A
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