交通需求管理视角下上海市城市交通拥堵研判分 析与规划应对
Research Analysis and Planning Responses to Traffic Congestion in Shanghai from the Perspective of Transportation Demand Management
陈泳杰
华东师范大学访问学者 上海公安学院交通与监所管理系 讲师，硕士，chenyongjie82@126.com
摘要: 从交通需求管理（Traffic Demand Management, TDM）视角溯源导致拥堵的内在原因，有助于理解当下上海城市交通拥 堵困局。以上海交通需求与交通供给为研究对象，通过分析上海道路总里程、机动车总量及市日均出行总量、上海公共 交通的日均运量，比较上海公共交通建设与道路交通建设投入，并分析上海经营性泊车位和停车费用变化数据，解析上 海城市日益增长的交通需求与有限的交通供给之间难以调和的矛盾。使用常发拥堵路段与常发拥堵路口、上海晚高峰 期间拥堵指数、分时段实时在途和在停车辆数等交通态势数据，还原上海交通拥堵时空特点，刻画上海城市交通拥堵形 成的总体特征，进而结合交通需求管理理论框架提出运用经济杠杆原理采取针对性的缓堵策略。从交通需求管理视角 认识上海道路拥堵的形成原因，以期为上海精细化的交通拥堵治理提供参考。
Abstract: Tracing the internal causes of congestion from the perspective of traffic demand management (TDM) will help us understand the current urban traffic congestion dilemma in Shanghai. This paper takes Shanghai's transportation demand and transportation supply as the research object. By analyzing the total road mileage, the total number of motor vehicles and the average daily travel of Shanghai, the average daily transportation volume of Shanghai's public transportation, this paper compares the investment in Shanghai's public transportation construction and road transportation construction, and analyzes the changes in Shanghai's operating parking spaces and parking costs data, figuring out the irreconcilable contradiction between the growing traffic demand and limited transportation supply in Shanghai. Using traffic situation data such as the often-congested sections and intersections, the congestion index during the evening rush hour, and the real-time number of parked and running vehicles, this paper describes space-time characteristics and overall characteristics of Shanghai's traffic congestion. In combination with the theoretical framework of traffic demand management, a targeted congestion relief strategy is proposed to use the principle of economic leverage. Understanding the causes of road congestion in Shanghai from the perspective of traffic demand management can provide a reference for Shanghai's refined traffic congestion management.
关键词：交通需求管理；交通拥堵；交通态势数据；经济杠杆调控
Keyword: traffic demand management; traffic congestion; traffic situation data; economic leverage regulation
中图分类号：TU984
文献标识码: A
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