上海湿地资源禀赋、生态价值与生态安全格局构建*
Resource Endowment, Ecological Value and Ecological Security Pattern of Shanghai Wetlands
彭 思
复旦大学环境科学与工程系 博士研究生
周柯岑
复旦大学环境科学与工程系 博士研究生
许志楠
复旦大学环境科学与工程系 博士后，博士
王祥荣（通信作者）
复旦大学环境科学与工程系 教授，博士，xrxrwang@fudan.edu.cn
摘要: 上海湿地格局在长三角区域生态安全格局中具有重要战略地位，也是城市生态安全和“双碳”战略的重要自然资本。 基于《上海市第二次湿地资源调查》、遥感解译、统计资料和野外样方样地现场调查数据，系统分析了上海湿地的资源 禀赋、空间格局和生态功能及其价值，提出了保护与管控对策。研究结果表明：（1）上海湿地类型丰富，面积广泛，以近 海与海岸湿地为主体，整体呈现“环状+放射状”格局，形成以崇明东滩、九段沙、淀山湖和南汇东滩为核心的湿地网 络；（2）上海湿地在水源涵养、防洪调蓄、碳汇固持和生物多样性维系等方面贡献显著，综合生态系统服务价值超过480 亿元/年；（3）总体上优化“北部河口保育—南部滨海屏障—西部水源涵养—中心城区修复”的功能分区格局，并提 出基于自然的解决方案（NbS）、生态补偿机制、公众参与等优化管控路径。研究成果为上海在“双碳”战略和长三角 一体化背景下的湿地保护与生态安全格局构建提供了科学支撑。
Abstract: Shanghai’s wetlands hold a strategic position in the ecological security framework of the Yangtze River Delta and represent vital natural capital for urban ecological safety and the national “dual carbon” strategy (carbon peaking and carbon neutrality). Based on data from the Second Shanghai Wetland Resource Survey, remote sensing interpretation, statistical records, and field investigations, this paper analyzes the resource endowments, spatial patterns, and ecological values of Shanghai’s wetlands. The findings reveal that: (1) Shanghai possesses diverse wetland types with extensive coverage primarily consisting of offshore and coastal wetlands. The overall spatial arrangement follows a “ring and radial” pattern which forms a network centered on Chongming Dongtan, Jiuduansha, Dianshan Lake, and Nanhui Dongtan. (2) These wetlands contribute significantly to water conservation, flood regulation, carbon sequestration, and biodiversity maintenance with a total ecosystem service value exceeding 48 billion yuan annually. (3) The research suggests optimizing a functional layout that includes northern estuary conservation, southern coastal protection, western water source conservation, and central urban restoration. This paper also proposes management pathways such as Nature-based Solutions (NbS), ecological compensation mechanisms, and public participation. These results provide scientific evidence for wetland protection and the development of ecological security patterns within the context of the “dual carbon” strategy and the integration of the Yangtze River Delta.
关键词：上海湿地；资源禀赋；生态价值；生态安全格局；管控路径
Keyword: Shanghai wetlands; resource endowment; ecological value; ecological security pattern; control path
中图分类号：TU984
文献标识码: A
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