上海水八仙发展现状、价值分析与农耕湿地水乡 营造研究
Study on the Development Status, Value Analysis of Shuibaxian and the Construction of Agricultural Wetland Water Towns in Shanghai
王雨蓉
上海市农业科学院 助理研究员，博士
张莉侠
上海市农业科学院 研究员，博士
王丽媛（通信作者）
上海市农业科学院 助理研究员，硕士，liyuanw007@163.com
阮梦乔
上海同济城市规划设计研究院有限公司 空间规划研究院副总工程师，硕士
摘要: 水田是上海人工湿地的主要类型，承担着粮食安全和改善环境生态双重功能。水八仙是江南传统水生蔬菜，其种植历 史与文化传承深度依托上海湿地空间基地。通过调研上海地产水八仙产业发展现状，评估其所提供的生态系统服务价 值及经济价值，为制定更加科学合理的种植策略和政策支持提供支撑。研究发现：（1）上海主要种植的水八仙是莲藕 和茭白，集中在青浦、金山、崇明等区；（2）莲藕以散户小规模种植居多，茭白以大户种植及合作社等经营主体居多；（3） 种植莲藕和茭白生态系统服务价值最高的地区均是青浦区练塘镇；（4）以莲藕和茭白为代表的水八仙经济价值较高， 能为种植户带来可观的经济回报。最后，从生态、产业和文化3个方面提出上海农耕湿地水乡营造可以结合已有各区基 础和乡村规划的相关建议。
Abstract: Agricultural wetlands constitute the primary type of constructed wetland in Shanghai, serving the dual functions of ensuring food security and enhancing the ecological environment. The “Shuibaxian” (eight traditional aquatic vegetables) are characteristic crops of the Jiangnan region, with their cultivation history and cultural inheritance deeply rooted in Shanghai’s wetland spatial base. This study investigates the current status of the local Shuibaxian industry in Shanghai and evaluates the ecosystem service value and economic value it provides, aiming to support the formulation of scientifically sound cultivation strategies and policy frameworks. The findings indicate that: (1) The primary varieties cultivated in Shanghai are lotus root and wildrice stem, mainly concentrated in districts such as Qingpu, Jinshan, and Chongming; (2) Lotus root cultivation is predominantly characterized by small-scale, scattered farming households, whereas wildrice stem cultivation is largely managed by large-scale growers and cooperatives; (3) Liantang Town in Qingpu District yields the highest ecosystem service value for both lotus root and wildrice stem; (4) Wildrice stem and lotus root, as representative aquatic plants, possess significant economic value, generating substantial returns for growers. Finally, recommendations are proposed for the construction of agricultural wetland water towns in Shanghai by integrating existing district-level foundations and rural planning, encompassing ecological, industrial, and cultural dimensions.
关键词：水八仙；现状；生态价值；经济价值；农耕湿地
Keyword: Shuibaxian; current status; ecological value; economic value; agricultural wetland
中图分类号：TU984
文献标识码: A
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