小区内外双尺度建成环境对老年人步行行为的非 线性影响*
The Nonlinear Impact of Built Environments Within and Beyond Residential Compounds on Walking Behavior of Older Adults
杨皓森
西南交通大学建筑学院 科研助理，硕士
贺 斌
西南交通大学建筑学院 博士后，博士
陈 杰
西南交通大学建筑学院 助理教授，博士
范强雪
成都武天智城规划设计研究有限公司 助理工程师，硕士
杨林川（通信作者）
西南交通大学建筑学院 教授，博士生导师，博士 yanglc0125@swjtu.edu.cn
摘要: 在积极应对人口老龄化战略背景下，步行作为一种兼具健康与低碳双重效益的出行方式，其重要性日益凸显。然而，现有 研究较少关注老年人高频活动场所——小区内部的建成环境对其步行行为的影响。基于成都市611份老年人步行调查数 据及小区内外建成环境数据，运用随机森林模型分析多尺度（小区内外）建成环境对步行行为的非线性影响。结果表明： （1） 小区边长和小区内部的道路密度对老年人步行频率的影响显著，其重要度仅次于小区外部的公交站点密度；（2） 公交 站点密度和小区边长对老年人步行频率的影响总体上为负向，但当公交站点密度超过76个/km²或小区边长超过260 m时， 其影响不再显著。引入机器学习方法，深入揭示建成环境对步行行为的复杂作用机制，以期为老年友好型社区规划与低 碳出行政策制定提供科学依据。
Abstract: Against the backdrop of implementing the National Strategy for Responding Proactively to Population Aging, walking has gained increasing prominence as a travel mode offering dual benefits for health and low-carbon sustainability. However, existing research has largely overlooked the impact of the built environment within residential compounds, key activity spaces for older adults, on their walking behavior. Based on survey data from 611 older adults in Chengdu and built environment data inside and outside residential compounds, this paper employs a random forest model to explore the nonlinear effects of the built environment on walking behavior. The results indicate that: (1) Block length and road density within residential compounds significantly influence older adults’ walking frequency, ranking only behind bus stop density outside the compounds in terms of importance; (2) The effects of bus stop density and block length on older adults’ walking frequency are generally negative, but this influence becomes insignificant when bus stop density exceeds 76 stops/km² or block length exceeds 260 m. By integrating machine learning methods, this paper uncovers the complex mechanisms through which the built environment shapes walking behavior. The findings provide a scientific basis for age-friendly community planning and the formulation of low-carbon mobility policies.
关键词：人口老龄化；步行；建成环境；环境感知；机器学习
Keyword: population aging; walking; built environment; environmental perception; machine learning
中图分类号：TU984
文献标识码: A
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