城市滨水步行空间环境品质评价与优化研究* ——以苏州环古城河步行空间为例
Research on Environmental Quality Evaluation and Optimization of Urban Waterfront Pedestrian Spaces: A Case Study of the Suzhou Ancient City Moat Pedestrian Space
孙 婷
苏州科技大学建筑与城市规划学院 副教授，博士，硕士生导师 sunting@usts.edu.cn
韦 祁
苏州科技大学建筑与城市规划学院 硕士研究生
吕 飞
苏州科技大学建筑与城市规划学院 城乡规划系系主任，教授，博士，博士生导师
雷 琳
苏州科技大学建筑与城市规划学院 硕士研究生
摘要: 滨水步行空间是城市公共空间的核心载体，其规划设计当前已转向品质持续提升阶段，以满足居民日常生活的多元需 求。通过梳理国内外研究，构建基于主观感知与客观环境测度的滨水步行空间环境品质评价框架，应用因子分析与有 序logistic模型进行基于主观感知的环境要素识别，通过客观环境测度与主成分分析归类识别客观环境影响要素。以苏 州环古城河步行空间为案例，开展实地调研、数据采集与评价分析。结果表明，居民对滨水步行空间品质满意度与个人 社会特征存在相关性；主观感知要素中步行基础环境、空间舒适体验、公共设施情况与客观要素中空气质量、水体透明 度与水体气味对空间品质具有重要影响。在此基础上，结合滨水空间设计导则，提出滨水步行空间环境优化设计建议。
Abstract: As the core carrier of urban public space, the planning and design of waterfront pedestrian space has currently shifted to a stage of continuous quality improvement to meet the diverse needs of residents’ daily lives. By reviewing domestic and foreign studies, an evaluation framework for the environmental quality of waterfront pedestrian spaces based on subjective perception and objective environmental measurement is constructed. Factor analysis and ordered logistic model are applied for the identification of environmental elements based on subjective perception, and objective environmental influencing factors are classified and identified through objective environmental measurement and principal component analysis. The Suzhou Ancient City Moat pedestrian space is selected as the case site for on-site investigation, data collection, and evaluation analysis. The results show that there is a correlation between residents’ satisfaction with the quality of the waterfront pedestrian space and their personal social characteristics. The subjective perception elements, such as the basic walking environment, spatial comfort experience, and public facilities, as well as the objective elements, such as air quality, water transparency, and water odor, have significant influences on spatial quality. Based on this research and in combination with the design guidelines for waterfront spaces, suggestions for the optimal design of the waterfront pedestrian space environment are proposed.
关键词：步行空间；有序logistic模型；要素识别；空间优化
Keyword: pedestrian space; ordered logistic model; element identification; spatial optimization
中图分类号：TU984
文献标识码: A
周雪，邓奕，唐燕，等. 城市滨水空间评价标准及
边界尺度优化方法研究——以闽江下游福州段
为例[J]. 城市发展研究，2024，31（11）：63-72.
ZHOU Xue, DENG Yi, TANG Yan, et al.
Research on evaluation standards and boundary
scale optimization methods for urban waterfront
space: a case study of the Fuzhou section of the
lower reaches of the Minjiang River[J]. Urban
Development Studies, 2024, 31(11): 63-72.
叶小军，徐家明，雷诚，等. 转型再生：西雅图
滨水区可持续更新范式及启示[J]. 南方建筑，
2022（10）：60-70.
YE Xiaojun, XU Jiaming, LEI Cheng, et al.
Transformative and regeneration: the sustainable
renewal paradigm and enlightenment of Seattle’s
waterfront areas[J]. South Architecture, 2022(10):
60-70.
罗玮菁，袁媛，王琳婷，等. 滨水空间视觉特征的
注意力和情绪效应——基于高校在校学生眼动
追踪实验的证据[J]. 中山大学学报（自然科学
版中英文），2025，64（1）：207-217.
LUO Weijing, YUAN Yuan, WANG Linting, et al.
The effects of visual characteristics of waterfront
spaces on attention and emotion: evidence from
an eye-tracking experiment of college students[J].
Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis
Sunyatseni, 2025, 64(1): 207-217.
刘韩昕，马宁. 滨水空间旷奥感知与恢复性效应
交互路径探寻——基于桂林山水城市的实证研
究[J]. 南方建筑，2024（4）：106-114.
LIU Hanxin, MA Ning. Exploration of interactive
pathways of “Kuang-Ao” perceptions and
restorative effects in the waterfront space: an
empirical study based on the Guilin Shan-Shui
City[J]. South Architecture, 2024(4): 106-114.
胡斌. 儿童友好城市滨水公共空间布局理论与
方法研究——以上海杨浦滨江为例[J]. 上海城
市规划，2023（5）：44-51.
HU Bin. Research on the theory and method of
child-friendly city waterfront public space layout:
a case study of Yangpu Waterfront in Shanghai[J].
Shanghai Urban Planning Review, 2023(5): 44-51.
和天娇，何琪潇，谭少华. 城市蓝色空间促进老
年健康的规划路径研究[J]. 南方建筑，2022（5）：
54-63.
HE Tianjiao, HE Qixiao, TAN Shaohua. Research
on planning paths for urban blue spaces to promote
elderly health[J]. South Architecture, 2022(5): 54-63.
周燕，罗雅文，郭诗怡. 大型滨水绿地生物多样
性感知对心理恢复的影响机制[J]. 风景园林，
2024，31（2）：111-119.
ZHOU Yan, LUO Yawen, GUO Shiyi. Influence
mechanism of perceived biodiversity on mental
restoration in large waterfront green spaces[J].
Landscape Architecture, 2024, 31(2): 111-119.
袁青，李泓锐，冷红. 冬季滨江空间环境感知对
老年人心理健康影响研究——以哈尔滨市为例
[J]. 南方建筑，2023（6）：96-106.
YUAN Qing, LI Hongrui, LENG Hong. Influence
of waterfront environments on the psychological
health of older adults during winters: a case study
based on Harbin[J]. South Architecture, 2023(6):
96-106.
袁敬诚，董潇迪，曲天媛. 健康导向的城市滨水
空间研究进展与展望[J]. 规划师，2021，37（15）：
51-60.
YUAN Jingcheng, DONG Xiaodi, QU Tianyuan.
Health oriented waterfront space research progress
and prospects[J]. Planners, 2021, 37(15): 51-60.
王伟强，马晓娇. 基于多源数据的滨水公共空间
活力评价研究——以黄浦江滨水区为例[J]. 城
市规划学刊，2020（1）：48-56.
WANG Weiqiang, MA Xiaojiao. Vitality assessment
of waterfront public space based on multi-source
data: a case study of the Huangpu River waterfront[J]. Urban Planning Forum, 2020(1): 48-56.
罗桑扎西，张正欣，杨子江，等. 城市滨水公园活
力时空特征及影响因素研究——以昆明市为例
[J]. 南方建筑，2024（8）：69-77.
LUO Sangzhaxi, ZHANG Zhengxin, YANG Zijiang,
et al. Study on the spatial and temporal characteristics and influencing factors of vitality of urban
waterfront parks: a case study based on Kunming
City[J]. South Architecture, 2024(8): 69-77.
刘若昕，王林，任宁，等. 生活型滨水公共空间品
质评价研究——以上海苏州河为例[J]. 上海城
市规划，2023（3）：84-90.
LIU Ruoxin, WANG Lin, REN Ning, et al. Study
on the quality evaluation of daily-living waterfront
public space: a case study of Suzhou Creek in
Shanghai[J]. Shanghai Urban Planning Review,
2023(3): 84-90.
FRUIN J J. Pedestrian planning and design[M].
New York: Metropolitan Association of Urban
Designers & Environmental Planners, 1971.
ASADI-SHEKARI Z, MOEINADDINI M, ZALYSHAH M. Disabled pedestrian level of service
method for evaluating and promoting inclusive
walking facilities on urban streets[J]. Journal of
Transportation Engineering, 2013, 139(2): 181-192.
Transport for London. Pedestrian environment
review system: PERS handbook[R]. London:
Transport for London, 2006.
DUNCAN D T, ALDSTADT J, WHALEN J,
et al. Validation of Walk Score® for estimating
neighborhood walkability: an analysis of four US
metropolitan areas[J]. International Journal of
Environmental Research and Public Health, 2011,
8(11): 4160-4179.
Walk score[EB/OL]. [2015-10-15]. https://www.
walkscore.com/.
陈泳，毛婕，奚文沁，等. 机动化时代大城市居民
步行行为特征与需求分析——以上海中心城区
为例[J]. 现代城市研究，2016（7）：103-112.
CHEN Yong, MAO Jie, XI Wenqin, et al. Pedestrian
travel behavior and needs in large Chinese cities in
the motorization age: a case study of the Shanghai
central city[J]. Modern Urban Research, 2016(7):
103-112.
齐兰兰，周素红. 邻里建成环境对居民外出型休
闲活动时空差异的影响：以广州市为例[J]. 地理
科学，2018，38（1）：31-40.
QI Lanlan, ZHOU Suhong. The influence of
neighborhood built environments on the spatialtemporal characteristics of residents’ daily
leisure activities: a case study of Guangzhou[J].
Geographical Science, 2018, 38(1): 31-40.
周素红，彭伊侬，柳林，等. 日常活动地建成环
境对老年人主观幸福感的影响[J]. 地理研究，
2019，38（7）：1625-1639.
ZHOU Suhong, PENG Yi’nong, LIU Lin, et al.
The impact of built environment on well-being of
older adults under different geographic contexts[J].
Geographical Research, 2019, 38(7): 1625-1639.
姜玉培，甄峰，孙鸿鹄，等. 健康视角下城市建成
环境对老年人日常步行活动的影响研究[J]. 地
理研究，2020，39（3）：570-584.
JIANG Yupei, ZHEN Feng, SUN Honghu, et al.
Research on the influence of urban built environment on daily walking of older adults from a
perspective of health[J]. Geographical Research,
2020, 39(3): 570-584.
LINDELÖW D, SVENSSON Å, STERNUDD
C, et al. What limits the pedestrian? Exploring
perceptions of walking in the built environment
and in the context of every-day life[J]. Journal of
Transport & Health, 2014, 1(4): 223-231.
CHAN H Y, CHENG D, CHEN A. Routes with
roots: pedestrian route choices and sense of place
of an urban university community[J]. Journal of
Transport Geography, 2024, 118: 103943.
陈志敏，黄鎔，黄莹，等. 街道空间宜步行性的精
细化测度与导控——基于虚拟现实与可穿戴生
理传感器的循证分析[J]. 中国园林，2022，38
（1）：70-75.
CHEN Zhimin, HUANG Rong, HUANG Ying, et
al. The measurements of fine-scale street walkability
and precise design control: an evidence-based
approach based on virtual reality and wearable biosensors[J]. Chinese Landscape Architecture, 2022,
38(1): 70-75.
杨林川，唐祥龙，杨皓森，等. 机器学习支持下的
老年人步行环境满意度与适老环境改善策略研
究[J]. 西部人居环境学刊，2024，39（2）：35-40.
YANG Linchuan, TANG Xianglong, YANG
Haosen, et al. Machine learning analysis of
seniors’ satisfaction and improvement strategy
of the walking environment[J]. Journal of Human
Settlements in West China, 2024, 39(2): 35-40.
佘宇钦，莫尚昊，沈康. 基于POI数据的滨水公共
空间优化策略研究——以广州荔枝湾涌为例[J].
家具与室内装饰，2023，30（10）：127-131.
SHE Yuqin, MO Shanghao, SHEN Kang. Research
on the optimization strategy of waterfront public
space based on POI data: a case of Lychee Bay
Chung in Guangzhou[J]. Furniture & Interior
Design, 2023, 30(10): 127-131.
方家，王德，张月朋. 基于手机信令数据的上海
大型公园分类研究[J]. 中国园林，2019，35（3）：
56-60.
FANG Jia, WANG De, ZHANG Yuepeng.
Taxonomic study of large parks in Shanghai
by mobile phone signaling data[J]. Chinese
Landscape Architecture, 2019, 35(3): 56-60.
王兰，王静，徐望悦. 城市空间品质评估及优化
[J]. 城市规划，2018（7）：77-83.
WANG Lan, WANG Jing, XU Wangyue.
Evaluation and optimization of urban spatial
quality[J]. City Planning Review, 2018(7): 77-83.
刘芊池，蔡君，沈诗佳. 城市河流滨水空间低碳
景观评价指标体系构建研究[J]. 山东农业大学
学报（自然科学版），2023，54（5）：765-773.
LIU Qianchi, CAI Jun, SHEN Shijia. Index system
and evaluation method about low-carbon design
of urban river waterfront[J]. Journal of Shandong
Agricultural University (Natural Science Edition),
2023, 54(5): 765-773.
袁勋，许超，李佳虹，等. 详细规划中城市滨河空
间管控模式研究——以杭州南站单元控规为例
[J]. 现代城市研究，2023（12）：81-85.
YUAN Xun, XU Chao, LI Jiahong, et al. Management and control mode of urban riverside space
in regulatory plan: a case study of the unit control
planning of Hangzhou South Railway Station[J].
Modern Urban Research, 2023(12): 81-85.
程朋根，岳琛. 多源数据支持下的城市生态环境
评价及其与人类活动的关系[J]. 武汉大学学报
（信息科学版），2022，47（11）：1927-1937.
CHENG Penggen, YUE Chen. Evaluation of
urban ecological environment and its relationship
with human activities with multi-source data[J].
Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan
University, 2022, 47(11): 1927-1937.
韩磊，谢双玉. 武汉市滨水公共游憩空间生产的
过程与机理[J]. 人文地理，2022，37（6）：183-
192.
HAN Lei, XIE Shuangyu. The process and
mechanism of the production of waterfront public
recreation space in Wuhan[J]. Human Geography,
2022, 37(6): 183-192.
陆邵明. 场所叙事及其对于城市文化特色与认
同性建构探索——以上海滨水历史地段更新为
例[J]. 人文地理，2013，28（3）：51-57.
LU Shaoming. Study on place narrative and its
application to urban culture characteristics and
identity’ shaping: a case of the renewal of waterfront
historic sites in Shanghai[J]. Human Geography,
2013, 28(3): 51-57.
刘浦佳，孙婷，吕飞，等. 面向儿童健康的住区慢
行空间满意度评价及优化——以苏州工业园区
莲花新村为例[J]. 规划师，2024，40（3）：60-66.
LIU Pujia, SUN Ting, LYU Fei, et al. Satisfaction
evaluation and optimization of neighborhood nonmotorized space for children’s health: Lotus New
Village, Suzhou Industrial Park[J]. Planners, 2024,
40(3): 60-66.
HAWES M, DIXON G, LING R. A GIS-based
methodology for predicting walking track
stability[J]. Journal of Environmental Management, 2013, 115: 295-299.
孙婷. 健康促进背景下城市街道空间环境测度
与优化研究[J]. 城乡规划，2022（4）：70-77.
SUN Ting. Research on measurement and optimization of urban street space environment in the
context of health promotion[J]. Urban and Rural
Planning, 2022(4): 70-77.
SUN D, ZHOU F, LIN J, et al. A study on landscape
feature and emotional perception evaluation of
waterfront greenway[J]. Environmental Research
Communications, 2024, 6(9): 095023.
LIU X, CHEN X, HUANG Y, et al. Landscape
aesthetic value of waterfront green space based
on space–psychology–behavior dimension: a case
study along Qiantang River (Hangzhou Section)[J].
International Journal of Environmental Research
and Public Health, 2023, 20(4): 3115.
SUN D, LI Q, GAO W, et al. On the relation
between visual quality and landscape characteristics: a case study application to the waterfront
linear parks in Shenyang, China[J]. Environmental
Research Communications, 2021, 3(11): 115013.
CHENG S, ZHAI Z, SUN W, et al. Research on
the satisfaction of Beijing waterfront green space
landscape based on social media data[J]. Land,
2022, 11(10): 1849.
BA M, LI Z, KANG J. The effects of the interaction between sewage odour and sounds on crowd
behaviours in urban waterfront park[J]. Applied
Acoustics, 2025, 229: 110378.
Cǎixiāng, Suzhou air pollution: real-time air quality
index[EB/OL]. [2024-05-31]. https://aqicn.org/
city/jiangsu/suzhou/caixiang/.
邓一凌，陈前虎，过秀成. 街道环境对行人步行体
验的影响[J]. 交通工程学报，2018（6）：43-50.
DENG Yiling, CHEN Qianhu, GUO Xiucheng.
Impact of street environment on pedestrian
walking experience[J]. Journal of Transportation
Engineering, 2018(6): 43-50.
冯悦. 基于可步行性体验的滨水慢行空间设
计——以新加坡圣淘沙跨海步行道为例[J]. 装
饰，2017（8）：130-131.
FENG Yue. The waterfront non-motorized space
design based on walkable experience: taking
Sentosa Boardwalk in Singapore as an example[J].
Zhuangshi, 2017(8): 130-131.
中国环境监测总站. 国家水质自动综合监管平
台[EB/OL]. [2024-05-31]. https://szzdjc.cnemc.
cn:8070/GJZ/Business/Publish/Main.html.
王英英，刘岚. 社区老年友好环境与老年人生活
满意度研究[J]. 城市问题，2024（4）：85-94.
WANG Yingying, LIU Lan. Research on community
age-friendly environment and life satisfaction of
the elderly[J]. Urban Problems, 2024(4): 85-94.
