不同尺度下户外热舒适性的国际研究进展
Research Progress on Outdoor Thermal Comfort at Different Urban Scales
周歆喻
浙江农林大学风景园林与建筑学院 硕士研究生
施益军（通信作者）
浙江农林大学风景园林与建筑学院 副教授，硕士生导师，博士 yijun_shi@zafu.edu.cn
徐丽华
浙江农林大学风景园林与建筑学院 教授，博士生导师，博士
翟 炜
美国得克萨斯大学阿灵顿分校 助理教授，博士生导师，博士
汤俊卿
北京大学城市规划与设计学院 助理教授，博士生导师，博士
摘要: 随着全球气候变化与快速城市化进程叠加，城市热环境引发的公共健康风险与人居环境质量下降已成为可持续发展 领域的关键挑战。基于空间上的宏观、中观、微观3个尺度，详细梳理户外热舒适性研究在各尺度下的关注重点、评价方 法、影响机制及优化策略。宏观尺度侧重气候适应性规划与时空分异，中观尺度聚焦建成环境形态与微气候的量化关 联，微观尺度则深入探讨个体与周边环境微气候的耦合机制及其生理热应激与心理热适应交互。整体研究呈现从“区 域气候”到“建成环境”再到“个体感知”的逐级深化和反馈的特征。在此基础上总结当前研究存在的跨尺度联动 不足、模型与实践脱节、人本因素整合不够等局限，提出未来应加强跨尺度耦合研究、融合智能技术建构适应性设计实 践体系，以及深化人本多维的户外热舒适综合评价，以期为提升城市户外空间品质和气候韧性提供参考借鉴。
Abstract: Against the backdrop of global climate change compounded by rapid urbanization, public health risks and the degradation of the quality of human settlements induced by the urban thermal environment have emerged as critical challenges in the field of sustainable development. Based on three spatial scales—macro, meso, and micro—this paper comprehensively reviews the research priorities, evaluation methods, impact mechanisms, and optimization strategies of outdoor thermal comfort (OTC) research at each level. The study reveals that the macro scale emphasizes climate-adaptive planning and spatiotemporal heterogeneity. The meso scale focuses on the quantitative correlation between built environment morphology and microclimate. The micro scale delves into the coupling mechanism between individuals and the surrounding microclimate, as well as the interaction between physiological heat stress and psychological thermal adaptation. Collectively, the research demonstrates a characteristic progression of successive deepening and feedback loops, transitioning from “regional climate” to “built environment” and ultimately to “individual perception.” Building upon this foundation, the paper summarizes current limitations, including insufficient cross-scale linkages, the disconnect between simulation models and practical applications, and the inadequate integration of human-centric factors. Furthermore, it proposes future research directions: strengthening cross-scale coupling studies, integrating smart technologies to construct adaptive design practice systems, and deepening the multi-dimensional, human-centric comprehensive evaluation of OTC. This framework aims to provide insights for enhancing the quality of urban outdoor spaces and bolstering climate resilience.
关键词：户外热舒适性；多尺度；城市热环境；研究进展
Keyword: outdoor thermal comfort; multi-scale; urban thermal environment; research progress
中图分类号：TU981
文献标识码: A
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