基于多源数据的城区内涝单次灾害快速精细化调 查方法探索* ——以2024年长沙市“6·24”内涝为例
Exploration of Rapid and Fine-Scale Investigation Method for Single Urban Waterlogging Events Based on Multi-Source Data: A Case Study of the “6·24” Changsha Urban Waterlogging in 2024
冉 静
湖南大学建筑与规划学院 副教授，博士生导师
蒋美琪（通信作者）
宁乡市金洲镇人民政府 硕士，jmq16673251501@163.com
罗子悦
广东省城乡规划设计研究院科技集团股份有限公司 规划师，硕士
杨柳柳
南宁市三美学校 中学高级教师
陈 娜
湖南大学建筑与规划学院 副教授，硕士生导师
焦 胜
湖南大学建筑与规划学院 教授，博士生导师
摘要: 内涝灾害严重威胁城市运行与居民安全，针对单次城市内涝事件的快速精细化调查是灾中响应与灾害风险评估的重要依 据。针对城市单次内涝事件，构建集成“灾前预判—灾时锁定—灾后调查与事件存档”的多源数据融合调查框架，明确各 类数据的作用分工、应用尺度与时间节点，以规范内涝制图与存档。以2024年长沙市“6•24”内涝事件为例，综合水文水动 力模型、降雨监测、社交媒体、地面测绘及卫星遥感等多源数据，在灾后48 h内精确判定淹没范围与水深并输出成果。调查 结果表明，暴雨核心位于湘江东岸，降雨量显著高于西岸；内涝重灾区集中在河东老城区，导致交通瘫痪、设施损毁。该方 法流程可显著提升调查效率与精度，为科研与风险普查提供可靠数据支撑。
Abstract: Urban waterlogging disasters pose a serious threat to urban operations and public safety. Rapid and fine-scale investigation of individual urban waterlogging events is a critical basis for emergency response and disaster risk assessment. This study proposes a multi-source data-integrated investigation framework for single urban waterlogging events, incorporating pre-event forecasting, eventtime impact localization, and post-event field investigation and event archiving. The framework clarifies the roles, spatial scales, and temporal stages of different data sources, thereby standardizing urban waterlogging mapping and documentation procedures. Taking the “6·24” urban waterlogging event in Changsha, China, in 2024 as a case study, multiple data sources—including hydrologicalhydrodynamic modeling, rainfall monitoring, social media information, ground-based surveys, and satellite remote sensing—were jointly applied to accurately delineate inundation extent and water depth within 48 hours after the event. The results indicate that the rainfall core was concentrated on the eastern bank of the Xiangjiang River, with significantly higher precipitation than on the western bank. Severe waterlogging was mainly distributed in the older urban areas on the eastern side, causing traffic paralysis and infrastructure damage. The proposed methodological framework substantially improves both investigation efficiency and accuracy, providing reliable data support for scientific research and disaster risk assessment.
关键词：城市内涝；多源数据；单次灾害调查；内涝调查技术框架；快速精细化调查；暴雨
Keyword: urban waterlogging; multi-source data; single-disaster investigation; waterlogging investigation technical framework; rapid and refined investigation; rainstorm
中图分类号：TU984
文献标识码: A
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