上海青浦新城物质空间结构与就业岗位分布的相互关系研究——基于“典型相关分析”的视角
The Relationship between Urban Physical Spatial Structure and Employment Units of Qingpu New Town in Shanghai: Based on Canonical Correlation Perspective
宋代军
同济大学建筑与城市规划学院 博士研究生 上海同济城市规划设计研究院 规划师
摘要: 运用典型相关分析法，对青浦区第2次经济普查、第6次人口普查和《上海市青浦城区总体规划修改（2010）》数据进行分析，系统地研究了上海市青浦新城城市物质空间结构与就业岗位分布的相互关系，得出两个结论。其一，城市物质空间结构与就业岗位分布中度相关：其中总体就业岗位，制造业、外资企业、港澳台资企业的就业岗位分布与工业用地面积、道路长度、工业园区互为影响因子；服务业、生产性服务业、批发和零售业的就业岗位分布与居民服务设施规模互为影响因子。其二，城市物质空间结构和就业岗位分布的相互影响具有非对称性。
Abstract: Using Canonical Correlation Analysis method, based on the master plan of Shanghai Qingpu new town (2010), data of the Second Economic Census and the Sixth Census of Qingpu District, the paper systematically analyzes the relationship between the physical spatial structure and the employment units in Qingpu new town in Shanghai. It draws the following two conclusions. One is that the correlation between urban physical spatial structure and employment units is moderate. The employment units, including total, manufacturing, foreign-funded enterprises, enterprises invested by Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan capitals, and three variables, including industrial land area, road length and industrial park, are mutual influential factors. The employment units, including services, producer services, wholesale and retail, and scale of residential service facilities are also mutual influential factors. The other is that the mutual influence, between urban physical spatial structure and employment units, is asymmetric.
关键词：城市空间结构、就业岗位、典型相关分析、青浦新城
Keyword: Urban spatial structure, Employment units, Canonical correlation analysis, Qingpu new town
中图分类号：TU981
文献标识码: A
[1] 刘霄泉，孙铁山，李国平. 北京市就业密度分布的空间特征[J]. 地理研究，2011，30（7）：1262-1270.
LIU Xiaoquan, SUN Tieshan, LI Guoping. Research on the spatial structure of employment distribution in Beijing[J]. Geographical Research, 2011, 30(7): 1262-1270.
[2] 王桂新，魏星. 上海从业劳动力空间分布变动分析[J]. 地理学报，2007，62（2）：200-210.
WANG Guixin, WEI Xing. Change of labor force spatial structure in Shanghai from 1996 to 2001[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2007, 62(2): 200-210.
[3] 朱海明，刘成哲，于春青，等.基于聚类分析的天津市就业岗位分布特征研究[J].城市，2013（2）：54-58.
ZHU Haiming, LIU Chengzhe, YU Chunqing, et al. Study on the distribution characteristics of employment in Tianjin City based on clustering analysis[J]. City, 2013(2):54-58.
[4] 董丽晶，张平宇. 1990年代以来沈阳市就业结构的空间分异[J]. 人文地理，2008，23(1)：32-37.
DONG Lijing, ZHANG Pingyu. Spatial differentiation of employment structure in Shenyang City from 1990s[J]. Human Geography, 2008, 23(1):32-37.
[5] McMillen D. Suburban sub-centers and employment density in Metropolitan Chicago[J]. Journal of Urban Economics, 1998, 43:157-180.
[6] McDonald J. & Prather P. Suburban employment centers: the case of Chicago[J].Urban Studies, 1994: 201-218.
[7] Giuliano G. & Small K. Sub-centers in the Los Angeles region[J].Regional Science and Urban Economics, 1991, 21(2): 163-182.
[8] Cervero R. & WU KangLi. Sub-centering and commuting: Evidence from the San Francisco Bay Area, 1980-90[J]. Urban Studies, 1998: 1059-1076.
[9] Garcia-López M. & Muñiz I. Employment decentralization: Poly-centricity or Scatteration? The case of Barcelona[J]. Urban Studies. December 2010, 47(14): 3035–3056.
[10] 张晓平，孙磊. 北京市制造业空间格局演化及影响因子分析[J]. 地理学报，2012，67（10）：1308-1316.
ZHANG Xiaoping, SUN Lei. Manufacturing restructuring and main determinants in Beijing Metropolitan Area[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2012, 67(10): 1308-1316.
[11] 谢叙秫. 上海制造业集聚的动因研究[J]. 世界经济情况，2006（17）：30-33.
XIE Xushu. Study on the motivations of the manufacturing industry agglomeration in Shanghai[J]. World Economic Outlook, 2006(17): 30-33.
[12] 冯健. 杭州城市工业的空间扩散与郊区化研究[J]. 城市规划汇刊，2002（2）：42-47.
FENG Jian. Research on the industrial decentralization of Hangzhou City[J]. Urban Planning Forum, 2002(2): 42-47.
[13] 吕卫国，陈雯. 制造业企业区位选择与南京城市空间重构[J]. 地理学报，2009，64（2）：142-152.
LV Weiguo, CHEN Wen. Manufacturing industry enterprises location choice and the urban spatial restructuring in Nanjing[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2009, 64(2): 142-152.
[14] 邱灵，申玉铭，任旺兵. 北京生产性服务业与制造业的关联及空间分布[J]. 地理学报，2008，63（12）：1299-1310.
QIU Ling, SHEN Yuming, REN Wangbing. Industrial relevancy and spatial distribution between producer services and manufacturing in Beijing City[J].Acta Geographica Sinica, 2008, 63(12): 1299-1310.
[15] 赵群毅. 北京生产者服务业空间变动的特征与模式——基于单位普查数据的分析[J]. 城市发展研究，2008，14（4）：70-77.
ZHAO Qunyi. Study on spatial change of producer services in Beijing: based on economic unit census[J]. Urban Studies, 2008, 14(4): 70-77.
[16] 宁越敏. 上海市区生产服务业及办公楼区位研究[J]. 城市规划，2000，24（8）：9-12，20.
NING Yuemin. The study on the location of the industrial service and the office building in Shanghai[J]. City Planning Review, 2000, 24(8):9-12, 20.
[17] 高运胜. 上海生产性服务业集聚区发展模式研究[M]. 北京：对外经济贸易大学出版社，2009：3-128.
Gao Yunsheng. A research on the developing pattern of producer services agglomeration area in Shanghai[M].Beijing: University of International Business and Economics press, 2009: 3-128.
[18] 林彰平，闫小培. 转型期广州市金融服务业的空间格局变动[J]. 地理学报，2006，61（8）：818-828.
LIN Zhangping, YAN Xiaopei. Analysis on the change of the spatial pattern of financial service industry in Guangzhou during the transition period[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2006, 61(8): 818-828.
[19] 甄峰，刘慧，郑俊. 城市生产性服务业空间分布研究：以南京为例[J]. 世界地理研究，2008，17（3）：24-31.
ZHEN Feng, LIU Hui, ZHENG Jun. Spatial distribution of urban producer service: a case study of Nanjing[J]. World Regional Studies, 2008, 17(3): 24-31.
[20] 陈前虎，徐鑫，帅慧敏.杭州城市生产性服务业空间演化研究[J].城市规划，2008，32（8）：48-52.
CHEN Qianhu, XU Xin, SHUAI Huimin. Spatial evolution of producer services in Hangzhou[J]. City Planning Review, 2008, 32(8): 48-52.
[21] 李普峰，李同升. 西安市生产性服务业空间格局及其机制分析[J]. 城市发展研究，2009，16（3）：87-91.
LI Pufeng, LI Tongsheng. Spatial pattern and mechanism analysis of producer aervices in Xi' an[J]. Urban Studies, 2009, 16(3): 87-91.
[22] 袁丰，魏也华，陈雯，等. 苏州市区信息通讯企业空间集聚与新企业选址[J]. 地理学报，2010，65（2）：153-163.
YUAN Feng, WEI Yehua, CHEN Wen, et al. Spatial agglomeration and new firm formation in the information and communication technology industry in Suzhou[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2010, 65(2): 153-163.
[23] Boiteux-Orain C., Guillain R. Changes in the intra-metropolitan location of producer services in lie-d-France (1978-1997): Do information technologies promote a more dispersed spatial pattern?[J] Urban Geography, 2004, 25(6): 550-578.
[24] Searle G H.Changes in produce services location, Sydney: globalization, technology and labor[J]. Asia Pacific Viewpoint, 1998, 39(2): 237-255.
[25] Myung-jin, Seong-kyu Ha. Evolution of employment centers in Seoul[J]. RURDS, 2002, 14(2): 117-132.
[26] Coffey W J., Shearmur R G. Agglomeration and dispersion of high-order service employment in the Montreal metropolitan region, 1981-1961[J]. Urban Studies, 2002, 39(3): 360-377.
[27] 贺灿飞，梁进社，张华. 北京市外资制造企业的区位分析[J]. 地理学报，2005，60（1）：122-130.
HE Canfei, LIANG Jinshe, ZHANG Hua. Locational study of foreign enterprises in Beijing——Based on an ordered profit model[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2005, 60(1): 122-130.
[28] Wei Y., Leung C K. Development zones, foreign investment, and global city formation in Shanghai[J]. Growth and Change, 2005, 36(1): 16-40.
[29] Wu F. Intra-metropolitan FDI firm location in Guangzhou, China, 1999[J]. Annals of Regional Science, 1999, 33(3): 535-555.
[30] 孟晓晨，石晓宇. 深圳“三资”制造业企业空间分布特征与机理[J]. 城市规划，2003，27（8）：19-25.
MENG Xiaochen, SHI Xiaoyu. The spatial distribution of FDI manufactures in Shenzhen[J]. City Planning Review, 2003, 27(8): 19-25.
[31] 李王鸣，潘蓉，魏也华. 中国城市外商投资区位选择因素的鉴定与分析——以杭州城市为例[J]. 浙江大学学报：理学版，2006，33（1）：110-114，120.
LI Wangming, PAN Rong, WEI Yehua. The identification and analysis of urban FDI locational factors in Hangzhou, China[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University: Science Edition, 2006, 33(1): 110-114,120.
[32] Hotelling H. Relations between two sets of variants[J]. Biometrika, 1936(28): 321-377.
[33] 陆根尧，符翔云，朱省娥. 基于典型相关分析的产业集群与城市化互动发展研究：以浙江省为例[J]. 中国软科学，2011(12)：101-109.
LU Genyao, FU Xiangyun, ZHU Sheng-e. Research on relevance between industrial cluster and urbanization based on canonical analysis: a case study of Zhejiang Province[J]. China Soft Science, 2011(12): 101-109.
[34] 张明，朱会义，何书金. 典型相关分析在土地利用结构研究中的应用——以环渤海地区为例[J]. 地理研究，2001（12）：761-767.
ZHANG Ming, ZHU Huiyi, HE Shujin. An application of canonical correlation analysis to research on land-use patterns: taking Bohai Rim as an example[J]. Geographical Research, 2001(12): 761-767.
[35] Satoshi Hoshino. Statistical analysis of land-use change and driving forces in the Kansai District, Japan[A].IIASA Working Paper, wp-96-120. Laxenburg: IIASA, 1996: 20-25.
[36] 鲁春阳. 城市用地结构演变与产业结构演变的关联研究[D]. 重庆：西南大学博士学位论文，2011.
LU Chunyang. The analysis on the relationship between urban land use structure evolution and industrial structure evolution[D]. Chongqing: The Dissertation for Doctor Degree of Southwestern University, 2011.
[37] 王国梁，何晓群. 多变量经济数据统计分析[M]. 西安:陕西科学技术出版社，1993：17-29.
WANG Guoliang, HE Xiaoqun. Statistical analysis of multivariate economic data[M].Xi' an: Shanxi science and Technology Press, 1993: 17-29.
[38] 上海同济城市规划设计研究院. 上海青浦新城总体规划[R]. 2006.
Shanghai Tongji Urban Planning & Design Institue. Master Planning of Shanghai Qingpu New Town[R]. 2006.
[39] 宋代军，杨贵庆. 城市空间结构与就业岗位分布差异的定量描述——以上海市青浦新城为例[J]. 城市规划学刊，2015（5）：75-81.
SONG Daijun, YANG Guiqing. Quantitative description of the distributional differences between urban spatial structure and employment——Case study of Qingpu New Town in Shanghai.Urban Planning Forum,2015(5):75-81.
[40]夏友富. 外商投资中国污染密集产业现状、后果及其对策研究[J]. 管理世界，1999（3）：109-123.
XIA Youfu. The research on the status quo, consequences and countermeasures of foreign investment in China's pollution intensive industries[J]. Management World, 1999(3): 109-123.
