乡村城镇化的微观视角*——基于华北地区张村的田野调查
Micro Perspectives of Rural Urbanization:Based on the Fieldwork of Zhang Village in North China
张飞
济南市规划设计研究院 助理规划师，硕士
侯丽
同济大学建筑与城市规划学院 副教授，博士生导师
摘要: 以山东张村为研究对象，以乡村社会中的微观个体为研究视角，借鉴社会学、人类学的田野调查方法，通过定性与定量研究相结合的方式，对张村乡村城镇化的不同侧面展开研究。首先，以张村村民个人评价的总结为主导，梳理改革开放以来张村的发展历程，观察不同阶段国家与乡村关系的变化，提炼不同阶段农业和农村生活的关键词；其次，分析张村存在的“上大学”和“打工”两种城镇化方式在影响范围、发生时间、城市选择、城镇化程度以及村民感知等方面存在的差异，概括不同年龄段的乡村人对城镇化意愿的迥异态度；第三，对城镇化引发的乡村社会和空间变化进行深入分析；最后展望城镇化背景下的乡村发展前景和面临问题。
Abstract: Taking ZhangVillage in Shandong Province as the research object, the author explores different aspects of rural urbanization of it from the individual perspective in rural society, adopting the fieldwork method from sociology and anthropology study. Firstly, this paper summarizes the individual evaluation of villagers in Zhang Village, analyzes the development process of ZhangVillage since Reform and Opening, observes the changes of the relationship between country and rural areas, and refines the keywords of agriculture and rural life during different phases. Secondly, it analyzes the differences between the two ways of urbanization, going to university and going to work, in aspects of the impact scope, the occurrence time, the choice for city, the urbanization degree and residents’ feelings.And it summarizes the different attitudes of villagers of different age to the will of urbanization. Thirdly, it analyzes the rural social and spatial changes caused by urbanization in depth. Finally, it looks ahead to the development of the rural areas and the problems they may face in the context of urbanization.
关键词：乡村城镇化、国家与乡村、乡村社会、华北地区
Keyword: Rural urbanization, Country and rural areas, Rural society, North China
中图分类号：TU981
文献标识码: A
资金资助
“十二五”国家科技支撑计划项目“村镇区域集约发展决策支持系统开发” 2012BAJ22B03
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