开发区转型对通勤距离和职住分离的影响和对策* ——以上海市金桥出口加工区为例
Impact of Development Zones Transformation on Jobs-Housing Balance and Commuting Distance: A Case Study of Jinqiao EPZ, Shanghai
潘海啸
同济大学建筑与城市规划学院教授，博士生导师
卞硕尉
上海市城市规划设计研究院助理工程师，硕士
摘要: 开发区产业逐步转型必然伴随着就业人口结构的变化, 同时由于土地使用强度的提高,也会带来就业岗位的增加,这种变化
是否能促进职住平衡问题的改善，并对开发区的交通出行可能会产生哪些影响？通过对上海市金桥出口加工区就业人员
进行抽样调查,研究了不同类型从业人员在居住空间分布,交通出行特征的差异性。在城市外围地区开发区转型意味着地区
居住人口与就业岗位数的比例的改变。然而通过统计回归模型分析指出在缺乏必要的城市发展策略和交通政策支撑,虽然
职住平衡会有所改善，但就业人员的居住地与就业地将呈现分离的趋势，也就是长距离通勤者的比例增加，同时也将伴随
着郊区机动化和拥挤的蔓延。所以城市开发区的转型必须与城市的交通政策相配合，才能在更有利于城市实现经济发展的
同时，最大限度地减少机动化对城市环境的影响。
Abstract: The gradual transition of industrial development zones must be accompanied by the change of employee structure. Improving of land use
intensity also results in the increasing of jobs. Will this change promote the balance of jobs-housing? In addition, how will it possibly impact
travel behavior? This article studies on a sample survey in Jinqiao Export Processing Zone (EPZ), Shanghai. The study focuses on the living
space distribution and the difference of travel behavior of different types of employees. The transition of industrial development zones in
suburban area must result in the change of the proportion of residents and jobs in the area. However, the statistical regression analysis result
shows that the distribution of living place and job place will separate more. That is to say, the proportion of long-distance commuters will
increase without the necessary urban development and transport policy, although the balance of jobs-housing will improve. Also it will result
in the motorization and traffic congestion in suburban area. Thus, the transition of urban development zones must cooperate with the transition
of transport policy, in order to minimize the impact on the urban environment by the motorization while achieving more favorable economic
development.
关键词：开发区转型、职住平衡、交通出行、低碳城市、通勤距离
Keyword: Transition of industrial development zones，Jobs-housing balance，Commuting behavior，Low-carbon city，Commuting distance
中图分类号：中图分类号TU981
文献标识码: 文献标识码A
资金资助
高密度区域智能城镇化协同创新中心及上海同 济城市规划设计研究院科研项目 城市空间结构与交通发展战略分析模型开发应用研究 KY-2016-ZD2-B01
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