传统村落总体布局的自然智慧和社会语义
Natural Wisdom and Social Semantics of Overall Layout of Chinese Traditional Villages
杨贵庆
同济大学建筑与城市规划学院 教授，博士生导师
摘要: 传统村落总体布局对自然条件的综合运用及其所要表达的社会语义是一个整体。其总体布局的自然智慧主要体现在安全防灾的系统思维（包括避免自然地质灾害、治水防洪和理水排涝、蓄水防旱和储水消防等）、生存资源的可持续获得（包括耕地资源、水资源、阳光与风道等），以及注重对生命过程的整体性认识。传统村落总体布局的社会语义在“区域”上体现了宗族精神追求，在“边界”上反映了对领域感的集体认知，在“地标”上体现了社会控制和教化作用，在“路径”上体现了村落的社会秩序，在“节点”上塑造了村落日常生活的归属感。进一步理解传统村落的整体价值，对传统村落整体空间格局予以整体性积极保护，同时把优秀传统村落作为当今城市设计的研究和学习样本。
Abstract: The overall layout of Chinese traditional villages contains comprehensive use of natural conditions and its social semantics as a whole. The natural wisdoms of villages' overall layout are mainly reflected in the thinking of the safety and disaster prevention systems (including the
avoidance of natural disaster, flood management and water drainage, water storage for drought and fire protection, etc.), sustainable access to the survival resources (including cultivated land resources, water, sunlight and fresh wind, etc.), as well as focusing on the integrated
understanding of life processes. While the social semantics of villages' overall layout reflects the clan spiritual pursuit in the "district", reflects
the collective awareness of a sense of domain in the "edge", reflects the social control and the role of education in the "landmark" , reflects the social order in the "path", and shapes a sense of belonging of the village's daily life on the "node". The purpose is to further understand the integrated value of traditional villages, to positively preserve overall spatial pattern of traditional villages, and also treat those excellent traditional villages as samples of research and study for today's urban design practice.
关键词：传统村落、总体布局、自然智慧、社会语义
Keyword: Traditional villages，Overall layout，Natural wisdom，Social semantics
中图分类号：TU981
文献标识码: A
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