关于城市避难场所规划若干问题的思考 ——以上海市嘉定区、金山区为例
Some Thoughts on Urban Shelters Planning:A Case Study of Jiading and Jinshan District in Shanghai
李开明
上海广境规划设计有限公司 规划四所 所长，硕士
摘要: 以上海市嘉定区、金山区避难场所规划为例，对城市避难场所规划的3方面问题进行了思考。第一，避难场所规划编制过程中涉及的问题。灾害类型决定疏散原则，进而影响避难场所的布局；避难需求和服务半径决定避难协调组规模和用地。第二，影响避难场所服务水平的问题。避难行为和人口密度决定避难场所分布，城镇地区和乡村地区由于人口密度不同，需要建立针对化的避难体系；避难场所的外部选址影响服务范围，内部设计影响服务效率。第三，影响避难场所实施效果的问题。避难人群的需求影响场地型和场所型配置比例；时序协调和建设主体协调影响行动计划，需要形成“空间上有位置、建设上有时序、实施上有主体”的避难场所建设的行动项目库。
Abstract: This paper analyzes three problems on shelters planning in Jiading and Jinshan District. Firstly, it discusses the problems involved in the shelters planning process. The type of disasters determines evacuation principles, thereby affecting the layout of shelters. Evacuation needs and service radius determine the size and Coordination Group refuge land. Secondly, it discusses the problems of impacting shelters service level. Refuge system is decided by escape behavior and population density distribution. Due to the different population densities in urban and rural areas, it needs to develop the system of asylum. External siting influences shelter services, and internal design is related to service efficiency. Thirdly, it discusses the problem on the impact of the implementation of shelter issues. The needs of the population impact refuge site type and its allocation ratio. The time and the coordination of construction bodies will impact action plan to form a project of actions for the construction of shelters.
关键词：避难场所、避难体系、服务水平
Keyword: Shelter， Evacuation system ， Service level
中图分类号：TU981
文献标识码: A
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