步行活动与轨道交通的共生* ——德国老城步行化发展的公共交通策略

Mutualism of Walking and Rail Transit: Strategies of Public Transport for Pedestrianoriented Development in Old Towns of Germany

陈 泳
同济大学建筑与城市规划学院 高密度人居环境生态与节能教育部重点实验室 教授，博士生导师

严 佳
美国MG2建筑设计公司 建筑师，硕士

摘要: 以德国6个城市作为案例，探讨如何通过合理而有序的公共交通组织支持老城步行区的发展。一方面，通过案例中公共交通空间 布局的相似性特征分析，总结不同类型公共交通工具的支持模式；另一方面，通过步行区形态的差异性特征分析，考察不同步行 区形态的公共交通组织模式。在此基础上，归纳德国公共交通支持老城中心步行区发展的成功经验：（1）通过公共交通的优先 层级引导人们对不同交通工具的选择；（2）通过多元而有序化的公共交通组织满足不同人群的可达性需求；（3）步行区形态与 轨道交通布局呈现契合性，相互促进发展。

Abstract: The paper takes six old towns of Germany as study cases to analyze how the urban public transports support the pedestrian zone's development through scientific and sound spatial layouts. On one hand, the research analyzes the similarities in the cases' public transport layouts and explores the support models of different public transport tools; on the other hand, the research compares the differences of the pedestrian zones' spatial morphology and investigates the features of public transport's spatial layouts in different spatial morphologies. Based on these, the research concludes the successful experience of German cities in the aspect of supporting of public transport to the pedestrian zone in old towns. (1) The priority level of different public transports guides people’s selection; (2) diversity and orderly organization of public transport meets the accessible demands of different human groups; (3) there is correspondence between the form of pedestrian zone and the layout of rail transport.

关键词：公共交通、轨道交通、 步行区、老城区、德国

Keyword: Public transport， Rail transit ， Pedestrian zone ， Old town， Germany

中图分类号：TU981

文献标识码: A

资金资助

国家自然科学基金项目 “机动化时代街区宜步行的关键形态指标及优化方法研究” 51278339

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