街区步行易达性评价：方法综述与案例研究*

Evaluation of Pedestrian Accessibility: Methods Review and Case Study

熊 文
北京工业大学建筑与城市规划学院 院长助理，硕士生导师，副教授，博士

关 丽
北京市测绘设计研究院 高级工程师，博士

阎伟标
北京工业大学建筑与城市规划学院 硕士研究生

刘 璇
北京工业大学建筑与城市规划学院 硕士研究生

摘要: 伴随城镇化与机动化进程，中国城市街区与街道的步行环境受到了较大冲击，囿于步行环境评价方法的缺乏及片面强调小汽车 效率，行人的时空损失再大亦属无形。总结发达城市步行道网评价指标及方法，提出基于步行源、步行汇、步行集的GIS分析的街 道步行易达性评价方法，并以上海同济大学两个校区、北京丰台两个街道为例，结合步行时空阈值调查，对不同尺度下步行活动 的易达性进行了案例研究。结果表明，较之路网密度、形态等传统指标，重要公共设施的优化布局更加重要。

Abstract: Along with the progress of urbanization and motorization, the construction of urban transport infrastructure in China has reached an unprecedented developing rate. However, one-sided emphasis on the efficiency of small vehicle and closed-end management makes the space of traditional urban blocks and alleys disappear, so the traffic environment is getting increasingly worse and pedestrians suffer all kinds of inconveniences and risks. This paper raises the pedestrian problem in China from the international perspective, summarizes the evaluation indexes and methods of pedestrian network in developed cities, and by using research methods of pedestrian accessibility in urban block on the collection of pedestrian source and picking three classical pedestrian activities based on the pedestrian walking threshold to study on the pedestrian accessibility of examples in different space and historical dimension: two urban blocks of Fengtai District in Beijing and two campuses of Tongji in Shanghai.The results show that, compared with the traditional indicators of road network density and shape, the optimization layout of public facilities is more important.

关键词：街区、步行易达性、 步行质点、评价

Keyword: Community、 Pedestrian accessibility、 Pedestrian particle、Evaluation

中图分类号：TU981

文献标识码: A

资金资助

北京市自然科学基金项目 “面向世界城市建设的北京慢行交通空间规划研究” 8132014

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