培育乡村内生发展动力的实践及经验启示 ——以德国巴登—符腾堡州Achkarren村为例
The Practice and Enlightenment of Cultivating Endogenous Development Driving Force in Rural Area: A Case Study of Achkarren, Baden-Württemberg in Germany
王 祯
上海同济城市规划设计研究院 助理规划师，硕士
摘要: 当前我国不少地区乡村衰退的主要原因是乡村本身缺乏内生发展动力，从而导致发展机会缺失、年轻劳动力不断流失、社会文
化活力丧失。乡村内生发展动力的培育对乡村的可持续发展具有重要意义。通过对德国巴登—符腾堡州Achkarren乡村振兴示范
项目的分析，得出若干启示：注重科学合理控制乡村居民点的用地规模；实行产业、文化、空间“三位一体”协调发展；注重公共
空间场所的营造及功能更新；加强对废弃和闲置公共建筑的再利用；促进村民参与及睦邻关系的建设。
Abstract: The current rural recession in many areas of China is mainly due to the lack of endogenous development driving force itself, thus leads to the
lack of development opportunities, the loss of young labor force and social and cultural vitality. The rural endogenous development driving force
has great significance to rural sustainable development. Through the analysis of the Achkarren rural model project in Baden-Württemberg in
Germany, the paper draws some enlightenments: to pay attention to scientifically controlling the scale of rural residential land use; to implement
‘trinity’ among rural economic, social, cultural and spatial coordinated development; to pay attention to the construction of public space
and functional regeneration; to strengthen the re-use of abandoned public buildings; and to promote the participation of villagers and goodneighborly
relations.
关键词：乡村内生发展动力、 德国乡村、 巴登—符腾堡、 Achkarren
Keyword: Rural endogenous development driving force， Germany， Baden-Württemberg， Achkarren
中图分类号：TU981
文献标识码: A
[1]宫本宪一.朴玉，译. 环境经济学[M]. 北京：三联
书店，2004：327-337.
Miyamoto Kenichi. PU Yu (Translated).
Environmental Economics[M]. Beijing:The Joint
Publishing Co.Ltd.,2004: 327-337.
[2]Garofoli G. Local development in Europe theoretical
models and international comparisons[J]. European
Urban and Regional Studies, 2002, 9(3): 228-229.
[3]王志刚，黄棋. 内生式发展模式的演进过程——
一个跨学科的研究述评[J]. 教学与研究，2009，
57（3）：72-76.
WANG Zhigang, HUANG Qi. On evolution course of
the endogenous development mode: a cross-disciplinary
review[J].Teaching and Research,2009,57(3): 72-76.
[4]郭艳军，刘彦随，李裕瑞.农村内生式发展机理与
实证分析——以北京市顺义区北郎中村为例[J].
经济地理，2012，32（9）：114-119.
GUO Yanjun, LIU Yansui, LI Yurui. Study on rural
endogenous development driven by inner power[J].
Economic Geography, 2012,32(9): 114-119.
[5]向延平.区域内生发展研究：一个理论框架[J].商
业经济与管理，2013（6）：86-91.
XIANG Yanping. The research on the regional
endogenous development: a theory framework[J].
Journal of Business Economics, 2013(6):86-91.
[6]西川润. 林燕平，译.内发式发展的理论与政策[J].
宁夏社会科学，2004（5）：23-28.
Jun Nisikawa. LIN Yanping (Translated).The
theory and policy of inner-development[J]. Social
Science in Ningxia, 2004(5): 23-28.
[7]张环宙，黄超超，周永广，等. 内生式发展模式
研究综述[J]. 浙江大学学报：人文社会科学版，
2007，37（2）：61-68.
ZHANG Huanzhou, HUANG Chaochao, ZHOU
Yongguang, et al. A review of the endogenous
development[J].Journal of Zhejiang University:
Humanities and Social Sciences, 2007,37(2): 61-
68.
[8]Van Der Ploeg J D, Long A. Born from within:
practice and perspectives of endogenous rural
development[M]. Assen, the Netherlands:
Uitgeverij Van Gorcum, 1994: 1-6.
[9]Ray C. Towards a meta-framework of endogenous
development: repertoires, paths, democracy and
rights[J]. Sociologia Ruralis, 1999, 39(4): 522–
537.
[10]Ray C. Neo-endogenous rural development in
the EU[M]//Cloke P, Marsden T, Mooney P
H. Handbook of rural studies. London: SAGE
Publications Ltd, 2006: 278-291.
[11]龙花楼，李婷婷，邹健. 我国乡村转型发展动力机
制与优化对策的典型分析[J]. 经济地理，2011，
31（12）：2080-2085.
LONG Hualou, LI Tingting, ZOU Jian. Analysis
of dynamical mechanism of rural transformation
development in typical regions of China[J].Economic Geography,2011,31(12): 2080-2085.
[12]向延平，林彰平. 区域内生发展：基于地理学家的
视角和解释[J]. 经济地理，2013，33（4）：36-
39.
XIANG Yanping, LIN Zhangping. The research on
the regional endogenous development: based on the
perspective and explanation of the geographers[J].
Economic Geography, 2013,33(4): 36-39.
[13]Malburg-Graf B, Gothe K, Meinerling D, et al.
Die Zukunft liegt innen: Schwerpunkt-themen der
Innenentwicklung in Melap Plus[J]. Gemeindetag
Baden-Württemberg,2013(9): 322-329.
[14]杨贵庆.我国传统聚落空间整体性特征及其社会
学意义[J].同济大学学报：社会科学版，2014，
25（3）：60-68.
YANG Guiqing. Integrated characteristics of space
and social significance of traditional Chinese
settlements[J]. Journal of Tongji University: Social
Science Section, 2014 (3): 60-68.
[15]杨贵庆，戴庭曦，王祯，等. 社会变迁视角下历史
文化村落再生的若干思考[J]. 城市规划学刊，
2016（3）：45-54.
YANG Guiqing, DAI Tingxi, WANG Zhen,et al.
Regeneration of historical cultural village under
the perspective of social change[J]. Urban Planning
Forum, 2016 (3): 45-54.
[16]聂梦遥，杨贵庆. 德国农村住区更新实践的规划
启示[J]. 上海城市规划，2013（5）：81-87.
NIE Mengyao, YANG Guiqing. Planning
enlightenment on German rural settlements renewal
practices[J]. Shanghai Urban Planning Review,
2013 (5): 81-87.
[17]卢端芳. 欲望的教育：公社设计、乌托邦与第三世
界现代主义[J]. 时代建筑，2007（5）：22-27.
LU Duanfang. The education of desire: commune
design, utopia and third world modernism[J]. Time
Architecture, 2007(5): 22-27.
