基于多元数据的大都市区范围划定方法研究 ——以武汉为例
Study on the Method of Metropolitan Area Delimitation Based on Multi-data: A Case Study of Wuhan
周 婕
武汉大学城市设计学院 副教授，博士
谢 波
武汉大学城市设计学院 副教授，博士
陈虹桔
武汉大学城市设计学院 硕士研究生
摘要: 大都市区是参与全球经济竞争的主要载体，但由于其概念内涵及界定标准仍处于研究阶段，造成对大都市区空间边界认知的不清晰。同时，传统大都市区范围划定的方法囿于数据获取的困难，其方法大多粗阔，因此所划定的都市区范围不够明晰精准。随着通信信息技术的发展，人口流、交通流、信息流等城市流数据可获取性提高，使得区域之间人口、物资、信息、技术等方面的联系得以精准、直观展示的研究方法越来越受欢迎。在此背景下提出基于遥感影像的城市土地联系分析方法、基于客运班次数据的交通联系分析方法、基于总部—支部数据的产业联系分析方法以及基于交通时间约束法、城市腹地划分法、网络搜索数据的城市联系强度综合评价法，对武汉大都市区范围划定进行了应用研究，取得了较好的成果。
Abstract: Metropolitan area is the main carrier of global economic competition. Since its concept and definition standard is still at the researching stage, the cognition of metropolitan area boundary is unclear. Meanwhile, the traditional method of metropolitan area delimitation is constrained by the difficulty of data acquisition, which is too extensive to define the scope of metropolitan area accurately. With the development of Communication and Information Technology, the availability of city flow data such as the population flow, the traffic flow, the information flow is improved. It makes the research method more and more popular, which can intuitively and accurately reveal the connection between two regions in population, material, information, technology and other aspects. This paper puts forward the city land contact analysis method based on remote sensing image, the traffic contact analysis method based on passenger flight data, the industry contact method based on headquarters - branch data and the urban comprehensive evaluation method based on the web search data, the traffic time constraint method, the urban hinterland division method. Taking Wuhan as an application object, the research achieved good results.
关键词：多元数据、城市联系、大都市区
Keyword: Multi-data，Urban contact ，Metropolitan area
中图分类号：TU981
文献标识码: A
[1]毕秀晶，宁越敏. 长三角大都市区空间溢出与城市群集聚扩散的空间计量分析[J]. 经济地理，2013（1）：46-53.
BI Xiujing, NING Yuemin. Empirical research on spatial spillover of metropolitan and the spatial agglomeration and dispersion in Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration[J]. Economic Geography, 2013 (1): 46-53.
[2]易承志. 大都市与大都市区概念辨析[J]. 城市问题，2014（3）：90-95.
YI Chengzhi. Analysis of the concept of metropolis and metropolitan area[J]. Urban Problems, 2014 (3): 90-95.
[3]周一星. 关于明确我国城镇概念和城镇人口统计口径的建议[J]. 城市规划，1986（3）：10-15.
ZHOU Yixing. Suggestions on defining the concept of cities and towns and the urban population statistics[J]. City Planning Review, 1986 (3): 10-15.
[4]崔功豪. 都市区规划—地域空间规划的新趋势[J]. 国际城市规划，2001（5）：1-1.
CUI Gonghao. Urban planning: a new trend of regional spatial planning[J]. Urban Planning International, 2001 (5): 1-1.
[5]宁越敏. 国外大都市区规划体系评述[J]. 世界地理研究，2003，12（1）：36-43.
NING Yuemin. An approach to the planning systems of overseas metropolitan areas[J]. World Regional Studies, 2003, 12 (1): 36-43.
[6]全国城市规划职业制度管理委员会. 城市规划原理[M]. 北京：中国计划出版社，2011.
National Urban Planning Vocational System Management Committee. Principles of urban planning [M]. Beijing: China Plan Publishing Company, 2011.
[7]高丰，宁越敏. 中国大都市区界定探讨——基于“五普”分县数据的分析[J]. 世界地理研究，2007（1）：58-64.
GAO Feng, NING Yuemin. A revised approach to defining metropolitan area in China[J]. World Regional Studies, 2007 (1): 58-64.
[8]张欣炜，宁越敏. 中国大都市区的界定和发展研究——基于第六次人口普查数据的研究[J]. 地理科学，2015（6）：665-673.
ZHANG Xinwei, NING Yuemin. The definition and development of metropolitan areas in China based on the data from the 6th National Census[J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2015 (6): 665-673.
[9]孙胤社. 大都市区的形成机制及其定界——以北京为例[J]. 地理学报，1992（6）：552-560.
SUN Yinshe. Forming mechanism and delimitation of metropolitan area in China: a case study of Beijing[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 1992 (6): 552-560.
[10]张晓云，李晓，殷健. 从城市群到大都市区——新政策语境下的沈阳经济区空间发展研究[J]. 城市规划，2010（3）：80-84.
ZHANG Xiaoyun, LI Xiao, YIN Jian. From urban cluster to metropolitan area: spatial development of Shenyang Economic Region in the new policy context[J]. City Planning Review, 2010 (3): 80-84.
[11]洪世键，黄晓芬. 大都市区概念及其界定问题探讨[J]. 国际城市规划，2007（5）：50-57.
HONG Shijian, HUANG Xiaofen. Study on the concept and definition of metropolitan areas[J]. Urban Planning International, 2007 (5): 50-57.
[12]Grubesic T H, O'Kelly M E. Using points of presence to measure accessibility to the commercial internet[J]. Professional Geographer, 2002, 54 (2): 259.
[13]Mitchelson R L, Wheeler J O. The flow of information in a global economy: the role of the American urban system in 1990[J]. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 1994, 84 (1): 87-107.
[14]董超，修春亮，魏冶. 基于通信流的吉林省流空间网络格局[J]. 地理学报，2014（4）：510-519.
DONG Chao, XIU Chunliang, WEI Ye. Network structure of 'space of flows' in Jilin Province based on telecommunication flows[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2014 (4): 510-519.
[15]叶磊，段学军，欧向军. 基于交通信息流的江苏省流空间网络结构研究[J]. 地理科学，2015（10）：1230-1237.
YE Lei, DUAN Xuejun, OU Xiangjun. The urban network structure of Jiangsu Province based on the traffic and information flow[J]. Scientia Geographica Sinaca, 2015 (10): 1230-1237.
[16]熊丽芳，甄峰，王波，等. 基于百度指数的长三角核心区城市网络特征研究[J]. 经济地理，2013，33（7）：67-73.
XIONG Lifang, ZHEN Feng, WANG Bo, et al. The research of the Yangtze River Delta core area’s city network characteristics based on Baidu Index[J]. Economic Geography, 2013, 33 (7): 67-73.
[17]高鑫，修春亮，魏冶，等. 基于高速公路货流数据的重庆市区县关联网络格局研究[J]. 人文地理，2016（1）：73-80.
GAO Xin, XIU Chunliang, WEI Ye, et al. Study on the network of districts and counties in Chongqing based on the date of the highway cargo flows[J]. Human Geography, 2016 (1): 73-80.
[18]陈伟，修春亮，柯文前，等. 多元交通流视角下的中国城市网络层级特征[J]. 地理研究，2015（11）：2073-2083.
CHEN Wei, XIU Chunliang, KE Wenqian, et al. Hierarchical structures of China's city network from the perspective of multiple traffic flows[J]. Geographical Research, 2015 (11): 2073-2083.
[19]陈晨，修春亮. 流空间视角的东北地区城市网络研究[J]. 地域研究与开发，2014（4）：82-89.
CHEN Chen, XIU Chunliang. Research on city network of northeast China based on space of flows[J]. Areal Research and Development, 2014 (4): 82-89.
[20]Taylor P J. World city network: a global urban analysis[M]. London, New York: Routledge, 2003.
[21]刘盛和，吴传钧，沈洪泉. 基于GIS的北京城市土地利用扩展模式[J]. 地理学报，2000（4）：407-416.
LIU Shenghe, WU Chuanjun, SHEN Hongquan. A GIS based model of urban land use growth in Beijing[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2000 (4): 407-416.
[22]刘小平，黎夏，陈逸敏，等. 景观扩张指数及其在城市扩展分析中的应用[J]. 地理学报，2009（12）：1430-1438.
LIU Xiaoping, LI Xia, CHEN Yimin, et al. Landscape expansion index and its applications to quantitative analysis of urban expansion[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2009 (12): 1430-1438.
[23]王海军，夏畅，张安琪，等. 基于空间句法的扩张强度指数及其在城镇扩展分析中的应用[J]. 地理学报，2016（8）：1302-1314.
WANG Haijun, XIA Chang, ZHANG Anqi, et al. Space syntax expand intensity index and its applications to quantitative analysis of urban expansion[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2016 (8): 1302-1314.
[24]陈伟劲，马学广，蔡莉丽，等. 珠三角城市联系的空间格局特征研究——基于城际客运交通流的分析[J]. 经济地理，2013（4）：48-55.
CHEN Weijin, MA Xueguang, CAI Lili, et al. Characteristics of regional city connection’s spatial pattern based on intercity passenger traffic flow in Pearl River Delta[J]. Economic Geography, 2013 (4): 48-55.
[25]宋伟，李秀伟，修春亮. 基于航空客流的中国城市层级结构分析[J]. 地理研究，2008（4）：917-926.
SONG Wei, LI Xiuwei, XIU Chunliang. Patterns of spatial interaction and hierarchical structure of Chinese cities based on intercity air passenger flows[J]. Geographical Research, 2008 (4): 917-926.
[26]孙东琪，张京祥，胡毅，等. 基于产业空间联系的“大都市阴影区”形成机制解析——长三角城市群与京津冀城市群的比较研究[J]. 地理科学，2013（9）：1043-1050.
SUN Dongqi, ZHANG Jingxiang, HU Yi, et al. The formation of metropolitan shadow from the perspective of industry spatial contacts: a comparison between Yangtze River Delta and Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Metropolitan Region[J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica,2013 (9): 1043-1050.
[27]夏海生. 基于投入产出理论的区域间产业联系研究[D]. 哈尔滨：哈尔滨工业大学硕士学位论文，2015.
XIA Haisheng. A study about multi-regional industry relations based on input-output analysis[D]: Harbin: The Dissertation for Master Degree of Harbin Institute of Technology, 2015.
[28]Krätke S. Global pharmaceutical and biotechnology firms' linkages in the world city network[J]. Urban Studies, 2013, 51 (6): 1196-1213.
[29]谢守红. 大都市区空间组织的形成演变研究[D]. 上海：华东师范大学博士学位论文，2003.
XIE Shouhong. Study on the formation and evolution of metropolitan spatial organization[D]. Shanghai: The Dissertation for Doctor Degree of East China Normal University, 2003.
[30]王波，甄峰，席广亮，等. 基于微博用户关系的网络信息地理研究——以新浪微博为例[J]. 地理研究，2013（2）：380-391.
WANG Bo, ZHEN Feng, XI Guangliang, et al. A study of cyber geography based on micro-blog users' relationship: with a case of Sina micro-blog [J]. Geographical Research, 2013 (2): 380-391.
[31]Wheeler J O, Mitchelson R L. Information flows among major metropolitan areas in the United States[J]. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 1989, 79 (4): 523-543.
[32]陈联，蔡小峰. 城市腹地理论及腹地划分方法研究[J]. 经济地理，2005（5）：629-631，654.
CHEN Lian, CAI Xiaofeng. The theory of city hinterland and the research on the districting ways of hinterland[J]. Economic Geography, 2005 (5): 629-631, 654.
[33]顾朝林，庞海峰. 基于重力模型的中国城市体系空间联系与层域划分[J]. 地理研究，2008，27（1）：1-12.
GU Chaolin , PANG Haifeng. Study on spatial relations of Chinese urban system: gravity model approach[J]. Geographical Research, 2008, 27 (1): 1-12.
[34]康盈，桑东升，李献忠. 大都市区范围与空间圈层界定方法与技术路线探讨——以重庆市大都市区空间发展研究为例[J]. 城市发展研究，2015（1）：22-27.
KANG Ying, SANG Dongsheng, LI Xianzhong. Metropolitan area boundary define and research method discussion: a case study of Chongqing metropolitan area plan-making[J]. Urban Development Studies, 2015 (1): 22-27.
