集聚与裂变*——淘宝村、镇空间分布特征与演化趋势研究
Agglomeration and Fission: Spatial Distribution Characteristics and Evolution Trends of Taobao Villages and Towns
单建树
南京大学建筑与城市规划学院 硕士研究生
罗震东
南京大学建筑与城市规划学院 副教授 南京大学区域规划研究中心 副主任 中国城市规划学会乡村规划与建设学术委员会委员 阿里新乡村研究中心客座研究员
摘要: 淘宝村、镇是电子商务驱动下乡村城镇化的典型空间单元。基于2014—2016年淘宝村、镇的相关数据，通过空间定量分析方法探讨淘宝村、镇的空间分布特征与演化趋势。发现淘宝村、镇在全国范围内呈现显著的集聚分布特征，3大集聚区域从北至南分别为北部的苏北、鲁南与冀中南地区，中部的浙江全省和江苏省南部地区，以及南部的珠三角、潮汕与闽东南地区。3大集聚区域与中国东部主要经济区存在整体一致、局部错位现象，区域中心城市并非淘宝村、镇集聚程度最高的地区。在演化趋势方面，淘宝村、镇呈现出在一定地域范围内快速裂变式增殖的态势，分布范围的扩张速度开始降低，但分布密度持续提高。
Abstract: Taobao villages and towns are representative space units of rural urbanization driven by electronic commerce. Based on the data of 2014—2016 Taobao villages and towns, by means of space quantitative analysis method, we discuss spatial distribution characteristics and evolution trends of Taobao villages and towns. It is found that Taobao villages and towns show a significant agglomeration distribution in the whole country. There are three agglomeration areas from north to south, including northern agglomeration areas which are northern Jiangsu Province, southern Shandong Province and middle-southern Hebei Province; central agglomeration areas which are the whole Zhejiang Province and southern Jiangsu Province; southern agglomeration areas which are Pearl River Delta, Chaoshan area and southeastern Fujian Province. The three agglomeration areas have overall consistency and partial dislocation phenomenon with the main economic zones in eastern China; regional central cities are not the most concentrated areas of Taobao villages and towns. In terms of evolutionary trends, Taobao villages and towns present a rapid proliferation of fission in a certain geographical situation, and the expansion rate of distribution range begins to decrease, but the distribution density continues to increase.
关键词：淘宝村、 空间分布、 集聚、裂变 、 乡村城镇化
Keyword: Taobao village 、Spatial distribution、 Agglomeration、 Fission、 Rural urbanization
中图分类号：TU981
文献标识码: A
资金资助
国家自然科学基金 “基于流空间的城镇发展战略分析方法与规划理论研究” 51478216
[1]罗震东.淘宝村为中国城镇化的“下半程”提供了新的可能[EB/OL].（2016-12-06）[2017-02-17]. http://www.aliresearch.com/blog/article/detail/id/21175.html.
LUO Zhendong. Taobao village offers new possibilities for the second half of urbanization in China[EB/OL]. (2016-12-06) [2017-02-17]. http://www.aliresearch.com/blog/article/detail/id/21175.html.
[2]Wrigley N, Lowe M, Currah A. Retailing and E-tailing[J].Urban Geography, 2002, 23(2): 180-197.
[3]Christensen C M, Tedlow R S. Patterns of disruption in retailing[J]. Harvard Business Review, 2000, 78(1): 42-45.
[4]Leinbach T R, Brunn S T. Worlds of E-commerce: economic, geographical and social dimensions[M]. John Wiley and Sons Ltd, 2001.
[5]刘卫东. 论我国互联网的发展及其潜在空间影响[J]. 地理研究，2002，21（3）：347-356.
LIU Weidong. Development of the internet in China: spatial characteristics and implications[J].Geographical Research, 2002, 21(3): 347-356.
[6]汤英汉.中国电子商务发展水平及空间分异[J].经济地理，2015，25（5）：9-14.
TANG Yinghan. A spatial difference study on China's E-commerce development Level[J]. Economic Geography, 2015, 25(5): 9-14.
[7]浩飞龙，关皓明，王士君.中国城市电子商务发展水平空间分布特征及影响因素[J].经济地理，2016，36（2）：1-10.
HAO Feilong, GUAN Haoming, WANG Shijun. Study on the influencing factors and spatial distribution of electronic commerce development level in China’s Cities[J]. Economic Geography, 2016, 36 (2): 1-10.
[8]浩飞龙，王彬燕，王士君.东北地区县域电子商务发展水平的空间差异及影响因素[J].地域研究与开发，2016，35（4）：16-21.
HAO Feilong, WANG Binyan, WANG Shijun. Influencing factors and spatial difference of E-commerce development level at county scale in northeast China[J].Areal Research And Development, 2016, 35(4): 16-21.
[9]俞金国，王丽华，李娜.电子商铺空间分布特征分析——来自淘宝网的实证[J].经济地理，2010，30（8）：1248-1253.
YU Jinguo, WANG Lihua, LI Na. E-shops spatial distribution rule: a case study of Taobao net[J]. Economic Geography, 2010, 30(8): 1248-1253.
[10]俞金国，王丽华，连显淼.电子商铺空间分布规律及其影响因素探究——来自淘宝网的实证[J].地域研究与开发，2010，29（6）：34-39.
YU Jinguo, WANG Lihua, LIAN Xianmiao. E-Shops spatial distribution law and its influencing factors: a case study of Taobao net[J]. Areal Research and Development, 2010, 29(6): 34-39.
[11]王贤文，徐申萌.中国C2C淘宝网络店铺的地理分布[J].地理科学进展，2011，30（12）：1564-1569.
WANG Xianwen, XU Shenmeng. Geographical distribution of C2C Taobao online stores in China[J]. Progress in Geography, 2011, 30(12): 1564-1569.
[12]王贤文，徐申萌.我国C2C电子商务的地理格局及其演化机制[J].经济地理，2011，31（7）：1064-1069，1106.
WANG Xianwen,XU Shenmeng. Spatial autocorrelation analysis of C2C E-business in China[J]. Economic Geography, 2011, 31(7): 1064-1069, 1106.
[13]周章伟，张虹鸥，陈伟莲. C2C电子商务模式下的网络店铺区域分布特征[J].热带地理，2011，31（1）：65-70，76.
ZHOU Zhangwei, ZHANG Hong’ou, CHEN Weilian. Characteristics of regional distribution of online shops under C2C E-business models[J]. Tropical Geography, 2011, 31(1): 65-70, 76.
[14]郭鸿鹏，于延良，赵杨.电商平台农产品经营主体空间分布格局及影响因素研究——基于阿里巴巴电商平台数据[J].南京农业大学学报（社会科学版），2016，16（1）：42-48，163.
GUO Hongpeng, YU Yanliang, ZHAO Yang. Pattern and influencing factors of agricultural operators spatial distribution on Agri-E-commerce platform: based on data from Alibaba E-commerce platform[J]. Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University (Social Sciences Edition), 2016,16(1): 42-48, 163.
[15]许婵，吕斌，文天祚.基于电子商务的县域就地城镇化与农村发展新模式研究[J].国际城市规划，2015，30（1）：14-21.
XU Chan，LV Bin，WEN Tianzuo. New patterns of county in-situ urbanization and rural development based on E-commerce[J]. Urban Planning International, 2015, 30(1): 14-21.
[16]LIU Changyu, LI Jiale, LIU Jing. Rural E-commerce and new model of rural development in China: a comparative study of 'Taobao Village' in Jiangsu province[J]. Asian Agricultural Research 2015, 7(11): 35-37, 46.
[17]杨思，李郇，魏宗财，等.“互联网+”时代淘宝村的空间变迁与重构[J].规划师，2016，32（5）：117-123.
YANG Si, LI Xun, WEI Zongcai, et al. Spatial transition and restructuring of Taobao Villages in Internet+ era[J]. Planners, 2016, 32(5): 117-123.
[18]张嘉欣，千庆兰，陈颖彪，等.信息时代下“淘宝村”的空间转型研究[J].城市发展研究，2016，22（10）：81-84，101.
ZHANG Jiaxin, QIAN Qinglan, CHEN Yingbiao, et al. Research of the spatial transformation of 'Taobao Village' in information age[J]. Urban Development Studies, 2016, 22(10): 81-84, 101.
[19]钱俭，郑志锋.基于“淘宝产业链”形成的电子商务集聚区研究——以义乌市青岩刘村为例[J].城市规划，2013，37（11）：79-83.
QIAN Jian，ZHENG Zhifeng. E-commerce clusters based on Taobao industrial chain: a case study on Qingyanliu village in Yiwu city[J]. City Planning Review, 2013, 37(11): 79-83.
[20]曾亿武，邱东茂，沈逸婷，等.淘宝村形成过程研究：以东风村和军埔村为例[J].经济地理，2015，35（12）：90-97.
ZENG Yiwu，QIU Dongmao，SHEN Yiting，et al. Study on the formation of Taobao village: taking Dongfeng village and Junpu village as examples[J]. Economic Geography, 2015,35(12): 90-97.
[21]曹璐.从淘宝村到“互联网+”，是否将改变中国乡村空间格局[J].小城镇建设，2016（6）：74-77，86.
CAO Lu. From 'Taobao Village' to 'Internet +'concept, will change the spatial structure of rural area[J]. Development of Small Cities & Towns, 2016(6): 74-77, 86.
[22]朱邦耀，宋玉祥，李国柱，等. C2C电子商务模式下中国“淘宝村”的空间聚集格局与影响因素[J].经济地理，2016，36（4）：93-98.ZHU Bangyao, SONG Yuxiang, LI Guozhu, et al. Spatial aggregation pattern and influencing factors of Taobao Village in China under the C2C E-commerce mode[J].Economic Geography, 2016,36(4): 93-98.
[23]韦玉春，陈锁忠.地理建模原理与方法[M].北京：科学出版社，2007.
WEI Yuchun，CHEN Suozhong. Principles and methods of geographic modeling[M]. Beijing: Science Press，2007.
[24]Cliff A D, Ord J K. Spatial Autocorrelation[M]. Pion London, 1973.
[25]Anseln L. Local indicators of spatial association—LISA[J]. Geographical Analysis, 1995, 27(2): 93-115.
[26]Anselin L. Spatial econometrics: methods and models[M]. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1988.
[27]Silverman B W. Density estimation for statistics and data analysis[M]. New York: Chapman & Hall, 1986.
[28]董丞妍，谭亚玲，罗明良，等.中国“癌症村”的聚集格局[J].地理研究，2014，33（11）：2115-2124.
DONG Chengyan, TAN Yaling, LUO Mingliang, et al. Spatial aggregation pattern of Cancer Village in China[J]. Geographical Research, 2014, 33(11): 2115-2124.
[29]张景秋，陈叶龙.北京城市办公空间的行业分布及集聚特征[J].地理学报，2011，66（10）：1299-1308.
ZHANG Jingqiu, CHEN Yelong. Industrial distribution and clusters of urban office space in Beijing[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2011, 66(10): 1299-1308.
[30]张珣，钟耳顺，张小虎，等. 2004—2008年北京城区商业网点空间分布与集聚特征[J].地理科学进展，2013，32（8）：1207-1215.
ZHANG Xun，ZHONG Ershun，ZHANG Xiaohu，et al. Spatial distribution and clustering of commercial network in Beijing during 2004—2008[J]. Progress in Geography, 2013, 32(8): 1207-1215.
[31]克里斯·安德森著，乔江涛译.长尾理论[M].北京：中信出版社，2006.
Chris Andersen, QIAO Jiangtao translated. The long tail[M]. Beijing: China Citic Press，2006.
[32]房冠辛.中国“淘宝村”：走出乡村城镇化困境的可能性尝试与思考——一种城市社会学的研究视角[J].农村经济观察，2016（3）：71-81.
FANG Guanxin. Taobao village and its possibility in breaking through the dilemma of urbanization in rural China：from the perspective of urban sociology[J]. Rural Economic Observation, 2016(3): 71-81.
