客观与主观建成环境对老年人不同体力活动影响机 制研究*——以南京为例
Comparing the Influences of Objective and Subjective Built Environments on Physical Activities Participation among the Elderly: A Case Study of Nanjing, China
冯建喜
南京大学建筑与城市规划学院 副研究员
汤爽爽
南京大学地理与海洋科学学院 人文地理研究中心 副研究员
黄 旭
中山大学地理学院 城市与区域研究中心 副研究员
摘要: 缺少体力活动是世界范围内健康面临的主要挑战，如何鼓励居民参加体育活动吸引了研究者、实践者以及政策制定者共
同的关注。已有的研究存在主观建成环境VS客观建成环境、交通体力活动VS休闲体力活动、社区尺度VS街道尺度3大二元
对立。基于“南京市老年人生活质量调查”，尝试部分回应以上3大二元对立问题。研究发现，休闲体力活动受到更多因素的
影响，比交通体力活动更难拟合和预测，但建成环境对休闲体力活动的影响更大。客观建成环境中，与公共交通的连接性
对两类体力活动均有显著影响。可达性则显示了不同的影响效果：休闲娱乐设施对休闲体力活动的影响较大，而一般设施
的可达性对交通体力活动影响更为显著。路径环境相关的因素以及主观建成环境对休闲性体力活动的影响更甚。研究以
期为对老年人体力活动和健康的主动干预提供政策依据。
Abstract: Over the last three decades, physical inactivity has been widely recognized as a major public health challenge around the world. How
to encourage physical activity has therefore attracted increasing attention from health researchers, transport planners and geographers.
Previous studies have shown that both objective and subjective measures of the built environment tend to have impacts on physical
activity participation of the elderly. However, relatively few studies have compared their influences. In addition, the influences of
objectively and subjectively measured built environment might show different patterns on different physical activities. The paper
therefore aims to compare the influences of objective and subjective built environments on two different types of physical activities -
leisure physical activity and transportation physical activity of the elderly. Using the data of 'Survey of Quality of Life of the Elderly
in Nanjing, 2015', the paper finds that subject built environments tend to show more pronounced influences on leisure physical
activities than on transportation physical activities. The findings offer insights for policy making on distributing appropriate public
facilities for the elderly in urban areas, especially in new towns in urban China.
关键词：主观建成环境、客观建成环境、 交通体力活动、休闲体力活动、 老年人
Keyword: Subjective built environments， Objective built environments | Transportation physical activities，Leisure physical activities ，The elderly
中图分类号：TU981
文献标识码: A
资金资助
国家自然科学基金资助项目 “建成环境与雾霾交互作用下城市居民出行—活动模式的时空差异研究” 41401150
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