城市重大项目规划的综合影响评估*： 案例分析与应用探讨
Comprehensive Impact Assessment of Urban Mega-projects: Case Study and Application Exploration
张雅兰
英国卡迪夫大学地理与规划学院 硕士
王 兰（通讯作者）
同济大学建筑与城市规划学院 教授，博士生导师
摘要: 重大城市项目规划与建设对环境、社会和居民健康必然产生影响。通过影响评估，可预测和判别项目各方面的潜在影响，为优化设计方案提供依据，同时为城市规划的编制提供指导。环境、社会和健康影响评估分别对实现城市可持续发展战略目标有一定的积极意义；但由于其各自的领域性强，易导致评估结果对于反映项目的整体影响有局限性。环境—社会—健康综合影响评估能弥补单一评估的局限性，通过整合三者的评估结果，提出协调生态环境保护、社会经济发展和鼓励健康的生活方式的优化方案。通过解读重大能源项目综合影响评估，分析其综合影响评估的方法，探讨如何在我国城市规划编制过程中应用重大项目综合影响评估。
Abstract: The planning and construction of urban mega-projects will certainly have impacts on the environment, society and people's health. It will be able to predict and identify the potential impacts in a variety of aspects through the impact assessment, providing a basis for design modification and guiding the process of urban planning. Generally, environment, social and health impact assessments all have positive impacts on achieving the strategic objectives of sustainable development. However, due to their exclusive domains, the results of each assessment will be too limited to reflect the overall impacts of the project. The environment-social-health comprehensive impact assessment could complement the limitations of a single assessment, and furthermore coordinate ecological and environmental protection, socio-economic development and healthy lifestyle by proposing an integration of the three assessment results. Based on the analysis of comprehensive impact assessment of a large-scale energy project,this paper explores the methods of comprehensive impact assessment, and discusses how to apply the comprehensive impact assessment of mega-projects in the process of urban planning.
关键词：综合影响评估、 重大项目、环境影响评估 、社会影响评估、健康影响评估
Keyword: Comprehensive impact assessment， Mega-project， EIA ，SIA，HIA
中图分类号：TU981
文献标识码: A
资金资助
国家自然科学基金项目 “城市空间要素对呼吸健康的影响及规划调控研究” 51578384
[1]BIRLEY M. Health impact assessment, integration and critical appraisal[J]. Impact Assessment & Project Appraisal, 2003, 21(4): 313-321.
[2]CANTER L W. Environmental impact assessment[M]. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1982.
[3]BARTLETT R V, KURIAN P A. The theory of environmental impact assessment: implicit models of policy making[J]. Policy & Politics, 1999, 27(4): 415-433.
[4]JAY S, JONES C, SLINN P, WOOD C. Environmental impact assessment: Retrospect and prospect[J]. Environmental impact assessment review, 2007, 27(4): 287-300.
[5]鱼红霞，刘振起. 项目环境影响评价与战略环境影响评价比较[J]. 环境科学与技术，2004，27（4）：46-48.
YU Hongxia, LIU Zhenqi. Comparison of project environmental impact assessment and strategic environmental Impact Assessment[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2004, 27(4):46-48.
[6]DORA C. HIA in SEA and its application to policy in Europe[M]//Health impact assessment. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, 2004:403-410.
[7]KIRKPATRICK C, LEE N. Special issue: integrated appraisal and decision-making[J]. Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 1999, 19(3): 227-232.
[8]MINDELL J, JOFFE M. Health impact assessment in relation to other forms of impact assessment[J]. Journal of Public Health Medicine, 2003, 25(2): 107-112.
[9]COLE B L, WILHELM M, LONG P V, et al. Prospects for health impact assessment in the United States: new and improved environmental impact assessment or something different?[J]. J Health Polit Policy Law, 2004, 29(6):1153-1186.
[10]DANNENBERG A L, BHATIA R, COLE B L, et al. Growing the field of health impact assessment in the United States: an agenda for research and practice[J]. American Journal of Public Health, 2006, 96(2):262.
[11]BHATIA R, WERNHAM A. Integrating human health into environmental impact assessment: an unrealized opportunity for environmental health and justice[J]. Ciência&SaúdeColetiva, 2008, 116(8):991-1000.
[12]安·福赛思，卡丽莎·希弗利·斯洛特巴克，凯文·克里泽克，等. 健康影响评估之规划师版：哪些工具有用?[J]. 国际城市规划，2016，31（4）：32-43.
FORSYTH A, SLOTTERBACK C S, KRIZEK K, et al.Health impact assessment for planners: what tools are useful? [J]. Urban Planning International, 2016,31(4):32-43.
[13]HUNT D, CATHERINE J. Environmental management systems principles and practices[M].New York: McGraw-Hill Publisher, 1995.
[14]MASOUD M. Environmental impact assessment[M].Iran: Mitra Company Publisher, 2005.
[15]NOURI J, MAHVI A H, YOUNESIAN M, et al. Environmental impact assessment of industrial estate providing with managerial process[J]. Iranian Journal of Environmental Health Science & Engineering, 2007, 4(2):121-126.
[16]毛文锋，Peter Hills. 环境影响评价，战略环境评价与可持续发展[J].中国环境科学,2000（S1）：90-94.
MAO Wenfeng, HILLS P. Environmental impact assessment, strategy environmental assessment and sustainable development[J]. China Environmental Science, 2000(S1):90-94.
[17]SADLER B. Environmental assessment in a changing world: evaluating practice to improve performance[M]. Ottawa: Canadian Environmental Assessment Agency, 1996.
[18]GOVERNMENT C L. Department for communities and local government annual report 2006[J]. London: Stationary Office, 2006.
[19]BALSAM A, PLESS-MULLOLI T, VIZARD C. HIA and pollution prevention control: what they can learn from each other[J].Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 2005: 25(7-8): 714-722.
[20]JAIN RAVI K, URBAN L V, STACEY GARY S, et al. Environmental assessment[M]. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2001.
[21]HOLDER J, MCGILLIVRAY D. Taking stock of environmental assessment: law, policy and practice[J]. Journal of Environmental Law, 2007, 21(2):323-328.
[22]宋成，罗贻洋. 《美国的健康影响评估》对我国的借鉴与启示[C]//规划60年：成就与挑战——2016中国城市规划年会论文. 北京：中国建筑工业出版社，2016.
SONG Cheng, LUO Yiyang. The reference and enlightenment of American health impact assessment to China[C]//Planning 60 years: achievements and challenges——2016 China urban planning annual conference. Beijing: China Architecture & Building Press, 2016.
[23]BIRLEY M,PERALTA G L. Health impact assessment of development projects[C]//Environmental and social impact assessment. Chichester: John Wiley and Sons, 1995.
[24]KIRKPATRICK C, LEE N. Sustainable development in a developing world: integrating socio-economic appraisal and environmental assessment[M]. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 1997.
[25]KEMM J, PARRY J, PALMER S. Health impact assessment: concepts, theory, techniques, and applications[M]. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, 2004.
[26]常冰. 英国政府出台能源政策白皮书[J]. 国外核新闻，2003（5）：8-9.
CHANG Bing. British energy policy energy white paper[J]. Foreign Nuclear News, 2003(5):8-9.
[27]陈克生. 城市总体规划视角下的上海市陆域风电场规划影响因素分析[J]. 上海城市规划，2010（4）：39-44.
CHEN Kesheng. Analysis on the influence factors of terrestrial wind power planning in Shanghai from the perspective of urban planning[J]. Shanghai Urban Planning Review, 2010 (4): 39-44.
