城市水生态系统的修复与重建* ——海绵城市规划建设理念与关键技术的哲学思考

Rehabilitation and Reconstruction of Urban Aquatic Ecosystem: Discuss on the Concept, Value and Key Technology of the Construction of the Sponge City

李景奇
华中科技大学建筑与城市规划学院 副教授

摘要: 海绵城市建设是重要的城市双修工程，也是区域水生态系统要素、成分、秩序、生态位与水系统的修复，其最终目的是水生态系统服务功能修复和建立生态型排水体系。从城市生态安全格局与城市土地利用、城市市政基础设施等层面，增加或者修复城市海绵体的规划建设，包括以下4大方面：（1）湖泊、湿地、河流、堰塘及沟渠，（2）各类绿地（森林、山林、公园绿地、草地、农田等），（3）建筑屋顶、废弃地、荒地及裸露土壤，（4）排污、排水明渠、管道、箱涵、暗河以及地下水库等。通过土地利用与绿色基础设施的规划建设，实现海绵城市建设与雨水资源综合利用的目标。海绵城市建设的核心技术是雨洪管理与水生态系统重建，然而其不仅仅是个技术问题，还属于顶层设计的战略行动，包括立法、体制、机制、系统、流域、区域协调的理念、理论、规划方法与工程技术社会变革等。海绵城市建设要深刻认识和掌握大自然水的循环规律，其核心是气象、水文、城市规划、水利学、景观学、排水、生态工程等专业联合协作，实现利益共享、责任共担。

Abstract: Sponge city construction is an important urban double-repair project. It is also a healthy restoration of regional aquatic ecosystem elements, components, order, niche and water system. Cavernous body of city must be increased or repaired from the urban ecological security pattern and urban land use, urban municipal infrastructure level, including the following four aspects: (1) lakes, wetlands, rivers, ponds, ditches; (2) all kinds of green (green quantity), forest, grassland, farmland; (3) the roof of a building, abandoned land, wasteland and bare soil; (4) sewage, drainage channel, pipe, culvert, underground river and underground reservoir, etc. Sponge city construction belongs to the top-level design of strategic action, including legislation, social system, mechanism and system, watershed, regional coordination concepts, theories, methods, planning engineering technology and social change. Its core is meteorology, hydrology, urban planning, water conservancy, landscape, drainage, ecological engineering specialty and the cooperation of different department to achieve shared interests and responsibilities.

关键词：海绵城市、理念与价值观、水生态系统、生态服务功能、关键技术

Keyword: Sponge city ， Idea and value， Water ecosystem， Eco-service function，Key technology

中图分类号：TU981

文献标识码: A

资金资助

国家自然科学基金项目 “基于景观基因图谱的乡村景观演变机制与多维重构研究” 51878307

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