基于景观格局分析的城市生态网络修复研究*
Urban Ecological Network Restoration Based on Landscape Pattern Analysis
吴远翔
哈尔滨工业大学建筑学院 寒地建筑科学实验中心 副教授，博士
陆 明
哈尔滨工业大学建筑学院 副教授，博士
李朦朦
哈尔滨工业大学建筑学院 博士研究生
刘晓光
哈尔滨工业大学建筑学院 副教授，博士
朱 逊
哈尔滨工业大学建筑学院 副教授，博士
摘要: 由绿地和水体等构成的城市生态网络呈现出高度的空间异质化特征，在强烈的人工干扰作用下，往往网络结构单一、空间破碎严重、生态服务功能退化，造成一系列城市生态问题。在城市层面上对生态网络进行结构修复和功能强化，对改善城市生态环境意义重大。从生态网络的景观格局与城市生态过程关联的视角切入，以ArcGIS作为数据分析平台，以景观格局指数集合作为核心指标，以哈尔滨市南岗区为研究案例，对网络结构特征、生态服务和社会服务进行量化评析，并提出改善网络结构、增强网络联通性、强化服务职能的网络修复策略，为我国城市生态网络修复提供新的技术解决方案。
Abstract: Urban ecological network which is composed of green space and water is characterized by high spatial heterogeneity. Within the context of artificial interference, urban ecological network shows characters of construction demonization, spatial fragmentation and ecological function degradation. To solve urban ecological problems, it is important to improve the ecological environment of the city to repair and strengthen the ecological network at the city level. From the perspective of the relationship between landscape patterns in ecological networks and urban ecological processes, ArcGIS is used as a data analysis platform, landscape pattern index set cooperation as the core indicator, and Nangang district of Harbin City as a study case. The characteristics of network structure, ecological services and social services are quantitatively evaluated. We put forward the network repair strategy of improving network structure, enhancing network connectivity and strengthening service function, which provides a new technical solution for urban ecological network restoration in China.
关键词：城市生态修复、生态网络、景观空间格局、格局评价指标、哈尔滨南岗区
Keyword: Urban ecological restoration， Ecological network， Landscape space pattern， Landscape pattern index，Nangang District in Harbin
中图分类号：TU981
文献标识码: A
资金资助
国家自然科学基金重点项目 “严寒地区城市微气候调节原理与设计方法研究” 51438005
[1]MILLENNIUM E A. Ecosystems and human well-being: a framework for assessment[Z]. Washington D C: Island Press, 2003.
[2]金云峰，王小烨. 绿地资源及评价体系研究与探讨[J]. 城市规划学刊，2014（1）：106-111.
JIN Yunfeng, WANG Xiaoye. Research and discussion on green resources and evaluation system[J]. Urban Planning Forum, 2014(1): 106-111.
[3]陈利顶，孙然好，刘海莲. 城市景观格局演变的生态环境效应研究进展[J]. 生态学报，2013, 33（4）：1042-1050.
CHEN Liding, SUN Ranhao, LIU Hailian. Research progress on ecological environmental effect of urban landscape pattern evolution[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2013, 33(4): 1042-1050.
[4]李锋，叶亚平，宋博文，等. 城市生态用地的空间结构及其生态系统服务动态演变——以常州市为例[J]. 生态学报，2011（19）：5623-5631.
LI Feng, YE Yaping, SONG Bowen, et al. Spatial structure of urban ecological land and dynamic evolution of ecosystem services: a case study of Changzhou City[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2011(19): 5623-5631.
[5]周志翔，邵天一，唐万鹏，等. 城市绿地空间格局及其环境效应——以宜昌市中心城区为例[J]. 生态学报，2004（2）：186-192.
ZHOU Zhixiang, SHAO Tianyi, TANG Wanpeng, et al. Spatial pattern of urban green space and its environmental effects: a case study of central city of Yichang[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2004(2): 186-192.
[6]孔繁花，尹海伟. 城市绿地功能的研究现状、问题及发展方向[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版），2010（3）：119-124.
KONG Fanhua, YIN Haiwei. Research status, problems and development direction of urban greenfield function[J]. Journal of NanJing Forestry University (Natural Science Edition), 2010(3): 119-124.
[7]陶宇，李锋，王如松，等. 城市绿色空间格局的定量化方法研究进展[J]. 生态学报，2013（8）：2330-2342.
TAO Yu, LI Feng, WANG Rusong, et al. Research progress on quantifying urban green spatial pattern[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2013(8): 2330-2342.
[8]宋治清，王仰麟. 城市景观及其格局的生态效应研究进展[J]. 地理科学进展，2004（2）：97-106.
SONG Zhiqing, WANG Yanglin. Research progress on ecological effects of urban landscape and its patterns[J]. Progress in Geography, 2004(2): 97-106.
[9]齐杨，邬建国，李建龙，等. 中国东西部中小城市景观格局及其驱动力[J]. 生态学报，2013（1）：275-285.
QI Yang, WU Jianguo, LI Jianlong, et al. Landscape pattern and driving force of small and medium-sized cities in east and west of China[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2013(1): 275-285.
[10]陈利顶，傅伯杰，赵文武. “源”“汇”景观理论及其生态学意义[J]. 生态学报，2006，26（5）：1444-1449.
CHEN Liding, FU Bojie, ZHAO Wenwu. Location-weighted landscape theory and its ecological significance[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2006, 26(5): 1444-1449.
[11]朱战强，党安荣，李树华，等. 基于空间信息技术城市景观生态格局规划研究[J]. 城市规划，2013（9）：34-38.
ZHU Zhanqiang, DANG Anrong, LI Shuhua, et al. Study on urban landscape ecology planning based on spatial information technology[J]. City Planning Review, 2013(9): 34-38.
[12王云才. 上海市城市景观生态网络连接度评价[J]. 地理研究，2009（2）：284-292.
WANG Yuncai. Evaluation of connectivity of urban landscape ecological network in Shanghai[J]. Geographical Research，2009（2）：284-292.
[13]刘滨谊，贺炜，刘颂. 基于绿地与城市空间耦合理论的城市绿地空间评价与规划研究[J]. 中国园林，2011（5）：42-46.
LIU Binyi, HE Wei, LIU Song. Study on the evaluation and planning of urban green space based on the coupling theory of green space and urban space[J]. Chinese Landscape Architecture, 2011(5): 42-46.
[14]陈利顶，刘洋，吕一河，等. 景观生态学中的格局分析：现状、困境与未来[J]. 生态学报，2008（11）：5521-5531.
CHEN Liding, LIU Yang, LYU Yihe, et al. Pattern analysis in landscape ecology: present situation, dilemma and future[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2008(11): 5521-5531.
[15]李伟峰，欧阳志云，王如松，等. 城市生态系统景观格局特征及形成机制[J]. 生态学杂志，2005（4）：428-432.
LI Weifeng, OUYANG Zhiyun, WANG Rusong, et al. Characteristics and formation mechanism of urban ecosystem landscape pattern[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2005(4): 428-432.
[16]裴丹. 绿色基础设施构建方法研究述评[J]. 城市规划，2012（5）：84-90.
PEI Dan. Review on the research of green infrastructure construction method[J]. City Planning Review, 2012(5): 84-90.
[17]许文雯，孙翔，朱晓东，等. 基于生态网络分析的南京主城区重要生态斑块识别[J]. 生态学报，2012（4）：260-268.
XU Wenwen, SUN Xiang, ZHU Xiaodong, et al. Identification of important ecological patches in Nanjing Main City based on ecological network analysis[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2012(4): 260-268.
[18]朱强，俞孔坚，李迪华. 景观规划中的生态廊道宽度[J]. 生态学报，2005（9）：2406-2412.
ZHU Qiang, YU Kongjian, LI Dihua. Ecological corridor width in landscape planning[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2005(9): 2406-2412.
[19]LI F, WANG R, PAULUSSEN J, et al. Comprehensive concept planning of urban greening based on ecological principles: a case study in Beijing, China[J]. Landscape and Urban Planning, 2005, 72(4): 325-336.
[20]李锋，王如松，赵丹. 基于生态系统服务的城市生态基础设施：现状、问题与展望[J]. 生态学报，2014（1）：190-200.
LI Feng, WANG Rusong, ZHAO Dan. Urban ecological infrastructure based on ecosystem services: current situation, problems and prospects[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2014(1): 190-200.
[21]赖因哈德•施托克曼，沃尔夫冈•梅耶. 评估学（第一版）[M]. 北京：人民出版社，2012.
TUOKEMAN R, MEYER W. Assessment (first edition)[M]. Beijing: People's Publishing House, 2012.
[22]KONG F, YIN H, NAKAGOSHI N, et al. Urban green space network development for biodiversity conservation: identification based on graph theory and gravity modeling[J]. Landscape and Urban Planning, 2010(95): 16-27.
[23]陈春娣，荣冰凌，邓红兵. 欧盟国家城市绿色空间综合评价体系[J]. 中国园林，2009（3）：66-69.
CHEN Chundi, RONG Bingling, DENG Hongbing. Comprehensive evaluation system of green space in European Union Cities[J]. Chinese Landscape Architecture, 2009(3): 66-69.
[24]刘佳，尹海伟，孔繁花，等. 基于电路理论的南京城市绿色基础设施格局优化[J]. 生态学报，2018（6）：4363-4372.
LIU Jia, YIN Haiwei, KONG Fanhua, et al. Optimization of green infrastructure pattern in Nanjing City based on circuit theory[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2018(6): 4363-4372.
