生态系统服务优化导向下城市绿色基础设施构建研究*——以济南市西部新城为例
Research on the Construction of Green Infrastructure under the Guidance of Ecosystem Service Optimization: A Case Study of Jinan Western New District
肖华斌
山东建筑大学建筑城规学院 副教授，博士，硕士生导师
刘 莹
山东建筑大学建筑城规学院 硕士研究生
盛 硕
山东建筑大学建筑城规学院 硕士研究生
施俊婕
山东建筑大学建筑城规学院 硕士研究生
摘要: 绿色基础设施作为提升人居环境质量的重要手段，可为城乡居民提供多样化生态系统服务。快速城镇化进程不仅会引起绿色基础设施数量减少、布局不均，还会导致其内在的生态系统服务功能降低以及结构失衡。传统的绿色基础设施构建方法重点考虑生态空间的管制途径，忽视了各类生态系统服务的功能优化和结构平衡。在识别了济南市西部新城绿色基础设施供给、支持、调节、文化4类生态系统服务源的基础上，基于“结构—过程—功能—服务”评估框架，构建维持4类生态系统服务流的关键格局。同时，考虑建成区内部及城郊地区生态系统服务的核心功能差异，赋予其不同权重，重点提升城市建成区内部破碎斑块的文化、调节功能，维持城郊地区大面积生态斑块的供给、支持和调节功能，构建底线、适宜、理想3层级安全水平下的绿色基础设施。
Abstract: As an important method to improve the quality of human settlements, green infrastructure can provide diversified ecosystem services for urban and rural residents. The rapid urbanization process will not only lead to less green infrastructure and unbalanced layout, but also lead to the reduction of intrinsic ecosystem services and the structural imbalance. The traditional construction methods of green infrastructure mainly consider the regulatory pathways of ecological space, ignoring the functional optimization and structural balance of various ecosystem services. In this study, on the basis of identifying the supply, support, regulation and culture ecosystem service sources of green infrastructure in Jinan Western New District, the key pattern of maintaining the four types of ecosystem service flow is constructed based on the evaluation framework of "structure-process-function-service". At the same time, considering the differences of core functions of ecosystem services in the urban and suburban areas, we give them different weights, focusing on promoting the culture and regulation function of broken patches in urban built-up areas and maintaining the supply, support and regulation function of large ecological areas in suburban areas. The integrated green infrastructure is constructed under the three-level protection level of bottom line, satisfactory and ideal.
关键词：绿色基础设施、生态系统服务、功能优化、安全格局、济南市西部新城
Keyword: Green infrastructure，Ecosystem service， Function optimization，Security pattern， Jinan Western New District
中图分类号：TU981
文献标识码: A
资金资助
国家自然科学基金 “城市新区低碳生态化空间规划途径整合研究” 51408342
[1]吴唯佳，赵亮，武廷海，等. 人居环境的优化提质问题[J]. 人类居住，2016（4）：48-54.
WU Weijia, ZHAO Liang, WU Tinghai, et al. The problems of improving the quality of human living environment[J]. Human Settlements, 2016(4): 48-54.
[2]李开然. 绿色基础设施：概念、理论及实践[J]. 中国园林，2009（10）：88-90.
LI Kairan. Green infrastructure: concept, theory and practice[J]. Chinese Landscape Architecture, 2009(10): 88-90.
[3]徐翀崎，李锋，韩宝龙. 城市生态基础设施管理研究进展[J]. 生态学报，2016（11）：3146-3155.
XU Chongqi, LI Feng, HAN Baolong. Progress in research on urban ecological infrastructure management[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2016 (11) : 3146-3155．
[4]贝内迪克特•马克•A，麦克马洪•爱德华•T. 绿色基础设施：连接景观与社区[M]. 北京：中国建筑工业出版社，2010.
BENEDICT M E, MCMAHON E T. Green infrastructure: linking landscapes and communities[M]. Beijing: China Architecture & Building Press, 2010.
[5]ALBERT C, VON H C. Implications of applying the green infrastructure concept in landscape planning for ecosystem services in peri-urban areas: an expert survey and case study[J]. 2017, 32(3): 216-227.
[6]李迪华. 绿道作为国家与地方战略——从国家生态基础设施、京杭大运河国家生态与遗产廊道到连接城乡的生态网络[J]. 风景园林，2012（3）： 49-54.
LI Dihua. Greenway as national and local strategies: from national ecological infrastructure, china grand canal heritage and ecological corridor to urban-rural ecological network[J]. Landscape Architecture, 2012(3):49-54.
[7]ZHANG Y, MURRAY A T, TURNER B L. Optimizing green space locations to reduce daytime and nighttime urban heat island effects in Phoenix, Arizona[J]. Landscape And Urban Planning, 2017, 165:162-171.
[8]BARO F, HAASE D, GOMEZ-BAGGETHUN E, et al. Mismatches between ecosystem services supply and demand in urban areas: a quantitative assessment in five European cities[J]. Ecological Indicators, 2015, 55: 146-158.
[9]LOVASI G S, O'NEIL-DUNNE J P M, LU J W T, et al. Urban tree canopy and asthma, wheeze, rhinitis, and allergic sensitization to tree pollen in a new york city birth cohort[J]. Environmental Health Perspectives, 2013, 121(4): 494-500.
[10]JOHNSON G W, BAGSTAD K J, SNAPP R R, et al. Service path attribution networks (SPANs): spatially quantifying the flow of ecosystem services from landscapes to people[M] //TANIAR D, GERVASI O, MURGANTE B, et al. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Berlin: Springer Nature, 2010:238.
[11]王云才，申佳可，彭震伟，等. 适应城市增长的绿色基础设施生态系统服务优化[J]. 中国园林，2018（10）：45-49.
WANG Yuncai, SHEN Jiake, PENG Zhenwei, et al. The optimization of green infrastructure ecosystem services adapted to urban growth[J]. Chinese Landscape Architecture, 2018(10): 45-49.
[12]STESSENS P, KHAN A Z, HUYSMANS M, et al. Analysing urban green space accessibility and quality: a GIS-based model as spatial decision support for urban ecosystem services in Brussels[J]. Ecosystem Services, 2017, 28(SIC): 328-340.
[13]方家，刘颂，王德，等. 基于手机信令数据的上海城市公园供需服务分析[J]. 风景园林，2017（11）：35-40.
FANG Jia, LIU Song, WANG De, et al. Supply-demand service analysis of park in Shanghai by mobile phone signaling data[J]. Landscape Architecture, 2017(11): 35-40.
[14]BENNETT E M, PETERSON G D, GORDON L J. Understanding relationships among multiple ecosystem services[J]. Ecology letters, 2009, 12(12): 1394-1404.
[15]AMENT J M, MOORE C A, HERBST M, et al. Cultural ecosystem services in protected areas: understanding bundles, trade-offs, and synergies[J]. Conservation Letters, 2017, 10(4): 440-450.
[16]TURNER K G, ODGAARD M V, BOCHER P K, et al. Bundling ecosystem services in Denmark: trade-offs and synergies in a cultural landscape[J]. Landscape and Urban Planning, 2014, 125(SI): 89-104.
[17]RAUDSEPP-HEARNE C, PETERSON G D, BENNETT E M. Ecosystem service bundles for analyzing tradeoffs in diverse landscapes[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2010, 107(11): 5242-5247.
[18]裴丹. 绿色基础设施构建方法研究述评[J]. 城市规划，2012（5）：84-90.
PEI Dan. Review of green infrastructure planning methods[J]. City Planning Review, 2012(5): 84-90.
[19]俞孔坚，李迪华，潮洛蒙. 城市生态基础设施建设的十大景观战略[J]. 规划师，2001（6）：9-13，17.YU Kongjian, LI Dihua, CHAO Luomeng. Ten landscape strategies to build urban ecological infrastructure[J]. Planners, 2001(6): 9-13, 17.
[20]谢高地，张彩霞，张雷明，等. 基于单位面积价值当量因子的生态系统服务价值化方法改进[J]. 自然资源学报，2015（8）：1243-1254.
XIE Gaodi, ZHANG Caixia, ZHANG Leiming, et al. Improvement of ecosystem service value method based on the equivalent factor of unit area value[J]. Journal of Natural Resources, 2015(8): 1243-1254.
[21]朱强，俞孔坚，李迪华. 景观规划中的生态廊道宽度[J]. 生态学报，2005，25（9）：2406-2412.
ZHU Qiang, YU Kongjian, LI Dihua. The width of ecological corridor in landscape planning[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2005, 25(9): 2406-2412.
[22]安超，沈清基. 基于空间利用生态绩效的绿色基础设施网络构建方法[J]. 风景园林，2013（2）：22-31.
AN Chao, SHEN Qingji. Method of constructing network of green infrastructure based on ecological performance of space utilization[J]. Landscape Architecture, 2013(2): 22-31.
