基于街区三维形态的城市形态类型分析*——以中国主要城市为例
Three-dimensional Urban Form at the Street Block Level for Major Cities in China
龙 瀛
清华大学建筑学院 特别研究员，博士生导师
侯静轩
清华大学建筑学院 博士研究生
李 派
清华大学建筑学院 研究助理，硕士
摘要: 街区尺度的城市形态是城市规划与设计的核心关注对象，它对城市功能和活动产生重要的作用。而目前的城市形态学研究往往只关注街区的二维形态。基于所获得的中国63个大中城市中心城的335.7万个大规模的三维建筑物数据，将形态类型学的理论方法从二维扩展至三维，提出城市街区形态的三维指标体系，并以此为依据对案例城市中的街区进行分类。根据9类街区形态在城市中的比例，对63个案例城市进行聚类分析，划分出5类城市，并探讨了城市三维形态类型在国土空间上的分布规律。通过街区三维属性的城市形态，能够认识中国城市系统在空间维度的一般规律及其差异性，以及城市空间形态对城市功能和活动的影响。
Abstract: The urban form of street block scale is the key of urban planning and design, which plays an important role in urban functions and activities. At present, the study of urban morphology only focuses on the two-dimensional shape of street blocks. Based on the 3.357 million large-scale three-dimensional building data of 63 medium and large cities in China, this study extends the theoretical method of urban morphology and typology from two-dimension to three-dimension, proposes a three-dimensional index system of urban street block morphology, and categories the street blocks in case cities on this basis. According to the proportion of the nine types of street block form, 63 cities are clustered into five types, and the distribution of three-dimensional urban types in China is discussed. With three-dimensional attributes of the street block scale in each city, we can understand the general spatial principles and differences of Chinese urban system, as well as the impact of urban spatial form on urban functions and activities, which has important theoretical values.
关键词：街区形态 | 形态类型学 | 大模型 | 三维建筑物 | 大数据
Keyword: Urban block form | Typo-morphology | Big model | Three-dimensional buiding | Big data
中图分类号：TU981
文献标识码: A
资金资助
国家自然科学基金面上项目 关于可持续城市的‘数据增强设计 51778319、71834005
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