大城市住房建设中的空间失配及其成因解析——以上海市为例
Spatial Mismatch of Housing Construction in Large Cities & Its Formation Interpretation: A Case Study of Shanghai
彭敏学
广州市城市规划勘测设计研究院上海办事处 副主任, 总工程师 同济大学建筑与城市规划学院 博士
摘要: 试图从空间失配角度解读上海大都市区化进程中的住房问题,并提出政策建议。立足统计数据,采用空间偏离指数与空间断面分析法对住房建设展开研究,发现住房制度改革以来增量住房建设的空间偏离、公共服务设施的极化供给、轨道交通建设问题都导致了住房建设的空间失配。这在推高房价、导致低收入群体空间锁定的同时,也降低了“多中心”规划实践的空间绩效。结论是:过于单一的商品化供应、缺乏协调的住房行动、圈层蔓延的空间拓展都是住房空间失配的重要成因;意图解决大城市住房困境的政策干预需要破解住房建设中存在的空间失配困境;而这有赖于中观层面居住、就业等功能的空间藕合与微观层面“多层次”住房供应的有效结合。
Abstract: This article aims to interpret Shanghai’s housing problems in the spatial mismatch context during its metropolitanization, and put forward corresponding policy suggestions. By probing into the spatial characteristic of statistical data, it is found that since housing reform, the misplacement of incremental housing construction and centralized public service supply as well as the mistakes in transit network’s layout coherently lead to the spatial mismatch of housing supply. As a result, this process boosts the supply-demand contradiction, pushes up housing price, results in the “Spatial Lock-in” of low income group and weakens the performance of planning practice of polycentric structure. The conclusion of this article is that over commoditized housing supply, disintegrated development actions and acculative incremental sprawl of housing construction all contribute to the formation of the spatial mismatch in housing supply. The policy needs to ameliorate housing dilemma of spatial mismatch by promoting the spatial coupling of residence and employment function and its accordance with multi-layer housing supply.
关键词:大城市、住房建设、空间失配、成因解析
Keyword: Large city, Housing construction, Spatial mismatch, Formation interpretation
中图分类号:TU984
文献标识码: A
资金资助
*基金项目:国家自然科学基金资助项目(编号: 50978188)。