云南撒玛坝梯田村寨空间特征及其社会语义研究*
Spatial Characteristics and Social Semantics of Terraced Villages in Samaba, Yunnan
郝 晶
云南省城乡规划设计研究院 主任规划师，高级工程师
杨贵庆（通信作者）
同济大学建筑与城市规划学院 城市规划系系主任，教授，博士生导师
任 洁
云南省城乡规划设计研究院 总工程师，教授级高级工程师
摘要: 传统村落的物质空间是以村民为主体的生产和生活载体，其背后蕴含着乡村社会的生产关系、生活方式、宗族意识等丰富的社会文化内涵。云南撒玛坝梯田村寨空间的整体性特征背后反映了其特定的社会语义：其“林、水、田、村”四要素同构的协调性，源自哈尼族原始自然崇拜的生态意识；其生产与生活空间组合的有机性，源自特定历史阶段下哈尼人对资源承载力水平和生产力水平的集体认知；其住宅建筑群空间的聚合性，源自村寨内血缘和亲缘脉络的体现；其村寨风貌特色的一致性，源自同根同源的民族文化内涵；其公共场所的功能性与标识性，源自哈尼族精神生活的吸引和归属。在新的时代背景下，村寨空间的社会语义发生了诸多变迁，村庄规划需要充分认识原有的空间特征、社会语义，才能更好地传承和发展。
Abstract: The material space of traditional villages is the carrier of production and living with the villagers as the main body，behind it is the rich social and cultural connotation of the rural society's production relations, lifestyle, and clan consciousness. Behind the holistic characteristics of the terraced village space of Samaba in Yunnan, it reflects its specific social semantics. Specifically, the coordination of the four elements of "forest, water, field and village" is derived from the ecological consciousness of the original natural worship of the Hani people. The organic of the combination of production and living space is derived from the collective perception of the Hani people's level of resource carrying capacity and productivity at a specific historical stage. The aggregation of residential buildings is derived from the blood and kinship of the village. The consistency of the village characteristics is derived from the cultural connotations of the Hani people with the same roots. The functionality and identity of public places derive from the attraction and attribution of the spiritual life of the Hani people. In the new era, the social semantics of the village space has undergone many changes. Village planning needs to fully understand the original spatial characteristics and social semantics in order to better inherit and develop.
关键词：撒玛坝梯田村寨；传统村落；空间特征；社会语义；乡村振兴；村庄规划
Keyword: Samaba terraced villages; traditional villages; spatial characteristics; social semantics; rural revitalization; village planning
中图分类号：TU981
文献标识码: A
资金资助
国家自然科学基金面上项目 “乡村聚落空间布局优化理论与规划方法研究” 51878459
金其铭. 太湖东西山聚落类型及其发展演化[J]. 经济地理，1984，4（3）：215-220.
JIN Qiming. The types and evolution of the East and West Mountain settlements in Taihu Lake[J]. Economic Geography, 1984, 4 (3): 215-220.
陆涨，王筱春，朱彤. 娜允傣族古城、建筑文化地理研究[J]. 建筑师，2005（5）：56-60.
LU Zhang, WANG Xiaochun, ZHU Tong. Study on the ancient city and architectural cultural geography of Nayun Dai Nationality[J]. Architect, 2005 (5): 56-60.
何仁伟，陈国阶，刘邵权，等. 中国乡村聚落地理研究进展及趋向[J]. 地理科学进展，2012，31（8）：1055-1062.
HE Renwei, CHEN Guojie, LIU Shaoquan, et al. Research progress and trend of rural settlement geography in China[J]. Progress in Geography, 2012, 31 (8): 1055-1062.
彭一刚. 传统村镇聚落景观分析[M]. 北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1994.
PENG Yigang. Landscape analysis of traditional village settlements[M]. Beijing: China Architecture & Building Press, 1994.
梁琍. 徽州村落的形态构成和景观意象[J]. 华中建筑，2004，22（1）：103-106.
LIANG Li. Form construction and landscape image of Huizhou traditional village[J]. Huazhong Architecture, 2004, 22 (1): 103-106.
曹玮，胡燕，曹昌智. 推进城镇化应促进传统村落保护与发展[J]. 城市发展研究，2013，20（8）：34-36.
CAO Wei, HU Yan, CAO Changzhi. The urbanization process should promote the conservation and development of traditional villages[J]. Urban Development Studies, 2013, 20 (8): 34-36.
童成林. 新型城镇化背景下传统村落的保护与发展策略探讨[J]. 建筑与文化，2014（2）：109-110.
TONG Chenglin. The protection and development for traditional village against new urbanization[J]. Architecture & Culture, 2014 (2): 109-110.
任映红，梅长青. 城市化进程中村落传统文脉的承继与延续[J]. 浙江社会科学，2014（12）：107-112.
REN Yinghong, MEI Changqing. The inheritance and continuation of village traditional context in the process of urbanization[J]. Zhejiang Social Sciences, 2014 (12): 107-112.
党东雨，余广超. “记得住乡愁”理念下的传统村落景观保护与改造研究——以临沂市竹泉村为例[J]. 中国城市林业，2015（12）：55-59.
DANG Dongyu, YU Guangchao. A study of landscape protection and transformation of traditional villages with “remember nostalgia” emotion: a case study of Zhuquan Village in Linyi City[J]. Journal of Chinese Urban Forestry, 2015 (12): 55-59.
余熙文. 社会学视角中的地域建筑文化研究[J]. 山西建筑，2008，34（4）：31-32.
YU Xiwen. Research on regional architectural culture from the perspective of sociology[J]. Shaanxi Architecture, 2008, 34 (4): 31-32.
王浩峰. 社会功能和空间的动态关系与徽州传统村落的形态演变[J]. 建筑师，2008（4）：23-30.
WANG Haofeng. The dynamic relationship between social function and space and the evolution of traditional villages in Huizhou[J]. Architect, 2008 (4): 23-30.
杨贵庆. 我国传统聚落空间整体性特征及其社会学意义[J]. 同济大学学报（社会科学版），2014，25（3）：60-68.
YANG Guiqing. Integrated characteristics of space and social significance of traditional Chinese settlements[J]. Journal of Tongji University (Social Science Edition), 2014, 25 (3): 60-68.
杨贵庆，蔡一凡. 传统村落总体布局的自然智慧和社会语义[J]. 上海城市规划，2016（4）：9-16.
YANG Guiqing, CAI Yifan. Natural wisdom and social semantics of overall layout of Chinese traditional villages[J]. Shanghai Urban Planning Review, 2016 (4): 9-16.
杨贵庆，戴庭曦，王祯，等. 社会变迁视角下历史文化村落再生的若干思考[J]. 城市规划学刊，2016（3）：45-54.
YANG Guiqing, DAI Tingxi, WANG Zhen, et al. Regeneration of historical cultural village under the perspective of social change[J]. Urban Planning Forum, 2016 (3): 45-54.
杨贵庆，关中美. 基于生产力生产关系理论的乡村空间布局优化[J]. 西部人居环境学刊，2018（1）：1-6.
YANG Guiqing, GUAN Zhongmei. On rural spatial distribution optimization based on the theory of productivity and production relations[J]. Journal of Human Settlements in West China, 2018 (1): 1-6.
朱霞，周阳月，单卓然. 中国乡村转型与复兴的策略及路径——基于乡村主体性视角[J]. 城市发展研究，2015，22（8）：38-45，72.
ZHU Xia, ZHOU Yangyue, SHAN Zhuoran. Study on strategy and path of rural China transformation and renaissance: under the context of rural subjectivity[J]. Urban Development Studies, 2015, 22 (8): 38-45, 72.
毛佑全. 哈尼族原始宗教观念中的魂、鬼、神文化内涵[J]. 世界宗教研究，1997（3）：128-134.
MAO Youquan. The cultural connotation of soul, ghost and god in the original religious concept of Hani Nationality[J]. Studies in World Religions, 1997 (3): 128-134.
史军超，芦朝贵，段贶乐，等. 哈尼阿培聪坡坡[M]. 北京：中国国际广播出版社，2016.
SHI Junchao, LU Chaogui, DUAN Yule, et al. Hani Apei Congpopo[M]. Beijing: China International Broadcasting Press, 2016.
