儿童友好视角下街道空间安全设计策略实证探索* ——以北京老城片区为例
Safety Street Design Strategies for Child-friendly Environment: An Empirical Study of Residential Community in Beijing Old City
梁思思
清华大学建筑学院 副教授，博士
张鹤鸣
清华大学建筑学院
宿佳境
清华大学建筑学院
黄冰冰
清华大学建筑学院 硕士研究生
摘要: 安全在场所营造和城市设计中的重要性日益凸显，其中面向儿童这一特殊群体的安全体系构建尤为重要。在既有文献及政策基础上，构建儿童友好视角下空间安全评价的4个维度，包括防卫安全、心理安全、交通安全和游憩交往安全，进而对北京老城地区展开儿童友好型空间安全识别及评测，主要包括步行指数、犯罪空间特征分布、公共空间可达性及规模、若干公共服务设施分布核密度等。之后，选取特定生活性街区的5条街道进行实证分析，运用熵权法赋权的安全评估模型作为测评比较的基本框架，并在此基础上进一步解释和探索提升街道空间安全的设计响应策略。
Abstract: The importance of safety in place making and urban design is increasingly prominent, especially the construction of a safety system for children who are a special group. This paper selects the old city area of Beijing as the research scope and Xinjiekou community as an empirical case for investigation. The research consists of three stages. Firstly, based on the literature review, the authors conduct a space safety evaluation framework from the child-friendly perspective, consisting of four dimensions: defense safety, psychological safety, traffic safety, and communication safety. Then it carries out the spatial identification and evaluation of the four dimensions of security endowments in the old city area of Beijing with relevant variables, mainly including walk score, spatial distribution characteristics of crime, accessibility and scale of public space, and kernel density of several public service facilities. Thirdly, a questionnaire survey and empirical analysis are carried out for the selected streets in residential communities, and a safety assessment model based on the entropy weight method is used as the basic framework to explain the design response of space construction. This study aims to build the evaluation framework of place safety from the child-friendly perspective, and then explore the overall path of place safety construction for children.
关键词：儿童友好；场所营造；城市安全；城市设计；街道设计
Keyword: child-friendly; place making; urban safety; urban design; street design
中图分类号：TU984
文献标识码: A
资金资助
国家自然科学基金 “前策划—后评估导向的大型公建空间综合效能评估与设计优化方法研究” 51978359
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