促进自行车交通发展的美国规划经验与借鉴
American Planning Experiences and Lessons in Promoting Bicycle Transportation Development
蒋希冀
同济大学建筑与城市规划学院 博士研究生
叶 丹（通信作者）
香港大学建筑学院 硕士研究生
摘要: 以往自行车交通在美国城市交通系统中的地位一直较低，但随着城市公共交通的再度复兴，自行车交通也随之得到一定发展。21世纪初美国的自行车交通发展仍面临着诸如交通事故率高发、路权地位较低、骑行网络化程度较差和法律保障机制不健全等问题。面对这些问题，美国从国家到地方政府开展了旨在促进自行车交通发展的规划（指南）编制，并确立了相关法律和政策保障。分析美国自行车规划（指南）中所体现的路权观念的转变，对自行车路网建设的系统性考虑，对不同自行车道规划与建设的差异性判定，以及愿景目标与具体实施之间的衔接落实等经验，以期为我国未来自行车交通的健康发展提供借鉴。
Abstract: In the past, bicycle transportation was put on a low status in the American urban transportation system, but with the revival of urban public transportation, bicycle transportation has developed. However, in the early 21st Century, the development of bicycle transportation in the United States still faced problems, such as high incidence of traffic accidents, low road rights status, poor intersection of the riding network and unsound legal protection mechanism. In the face of these problems, from national to local governments, they have compiled the planning (guide) to promote the development of bicycle transportation, and have established relevant laws and policies. The transformation of the idea of road rights, the systematic consideration of the construction of the bicycle lane network, the different consideration for the planning and construction of different bicycle lanes, and the connection between the goal and the implementation will provide the healthy development of bicycle transportation in our country with useful experiences and lessons.
关键词：自行车交通；规划经验；借鉴；美国
Keyword: bicycle transportation; planning experiences; lessons; the United States of America
中图分类号：TU984
文献标识码: A
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