城市建成环境对儿童体力活动的影响研究* ——以西安市为例
Associations of Urban Built Environment with Physical Activity of Children: A Case Study of Xi'an
路改改
陕西师范大学西北国土资源研究中心 硕士研究生
黄晓燕（通信作者）
陕西师范大学西北国土资源研究中心 陕西师范大学西北城镇化与国土环境空间模 拟重点实验室 副教授，博士
殷江滨
陕西师范大学西北国土资源研究中心 陕西师范大学西北城镇化与国土环境空间模拟 重点实验室 副教授，博士
摘要: 城市建成环境对居民健康的影响一直是公共卫生、地理学与环境科学等多学科关注的热点。已有研究主要关注成年人，就建成环境对儿童体力活动的影响方面的研究不足。通过使用多层模型探究建成环境因素对儿童轻度和中高强度体力活动的影响，同时考虑周内和周末的差异性，发现感知和客观建成环境对儿童轻度、中高强度体力活动均产生显著影响，不同强度、周内和周末体力活动的感知建成环境因素存在影响差异。良好的人行道、自行车基础设施可有效促进轻度体力活动，社区安全性与邻里友好性则对中高强度体力活动有重要作用。周内中高强度体力活动主要受社区安全性的影响；而在周末，邻里友好性发挥着相对重要的作用。在客观建成环境中，社区公园可达性与轻度和中高强度体力活动显著正相关，家到学校的距离对不同强度体力活动均产生显著负效应。研究结论可为改善儿童住所建成环境、促进儿童体力活动水平提供政策制定参考。
Abstract: The impact of the urban built environment on the health of residents has always been a focus of multidisciplinary attention in public health, geography and environmental science. However, existing research mainly focuses on adults, and research on the associations of the built environment with children's physical activity is insufficient. This article uses a multilevel model to explore the associations of built environment factors with children's light, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, and considers the differences between the weekday and the weekend. The research carries out some findings. Perceived and objective built environment has a significant impact on children's light, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. There are differences in the perceived built environment factors that affect different intensity, weekday and weekend physical activity. Good sidewalk and bicycle path infrastructure can effectively promote light physical activity, while community safety and neighborhood friendliness play an important role in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. When considering time periods, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity during weekdays are mainly affected by community safety, while neighborhood friendliness plays a relatively important role on weekends. In the objective built environment, the accessibility of community parks is significantly positively correlated with light, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. The distance from home to school has significant adverse effects on physical activity of different intensities. These conclusions can provide references for policy making to improve the built environment of residential areas for children and promote the level of children's physical activity.
关键词：建成环境；体力活动；儿童；西安市
Keyword: built environment; physical activity; children; Xi'an
中图分类号：TU984
文献标识码: A
资金资助
中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金 “城市建成环境对小学生体力活动的影响机理——基于通学方式中介效应的实证研究” 2019CSLY031
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