街道空间步行适宜性测度与设计导控* ——以上海静安寺片区为例
Measuring Walkability of Street Space and Its Design Control in the Context of New Analytical Techniques: A Case Study of Shanghai Jing'an Temple Area
施 澄
同济大学建筑与城市规划学院 高密度人居环境生态与节能教育部重点实验室 副研究员
叶 宇（通信作者）
同济大学建筑与城市规划学院 高密度人居环境生态与节能教育部重点实验室 副教授
潘海啸
同济大学建筑与城市规划学院 高密度人居环境生态与节能教育部重点实验室 教授，博导
袁 琦
同济大学建筑与城市规划学院 博士研究生 加州大学伯克利分校，访问学者
摘要: 立足新近涌现的一系列分析技术，关注旧城中心区街道微更新背景下的街道步行适宜性精准测度与品质提升导控。以上海市中心静安寺片区的生活性街道作为研究案例，通过虚拟现实场景的建构与可视化SP法，对比多种设计介入对于行人的步行适宜性影响，并通过决策树这一机器学习算法测度街道空间界面的特征要素对于步行适宜性评价的影响。结果显示，街道近人尺度的要素和步行设施对于行人的适宜性评价影响更高，相应的量化测度也可为旧城中心区街道步行适宜性的精准提升提供有效支持。通过新技术条件下人本尺度微更新领域的有益尝试，在实践中能更准确地回应在不同的街道特征和有限的空间下，采用何种导控方法能实现街道步行适宜性最大化的问题。
Abstract: In the second half of China's urbanization process, new urbanization has transformed from increasing "quantity" to promote "quality" and put forward a higher demand for humanized and walkable high-quality street space. However, as a non-physical perceptual element, street walkability is difficult to measure, and street space in the central area of old city is limited, so how to carry out micro-renewal and quality improvement accurately and scientifically is a typical difficulty in design practice.This research takes four different types of living streets in the Jing'an Temple area of Shanghai as cases. Through the construction of virtual reality street scene and visual SP investigation, we compare the influence of street space quality on pedestrian walkability under various dimensions, and use machine learning algorithm CART to measure the influence index of street space interface elements on walkability evaluation. The results show that elements close to the pedestrian and walking facilities have a higher impact on the evaluation of walkability, and quantitative measurement of design indicators can also provide effective support for the precise improvement of street walkability in the central area of the old city. This study is a meaningful attempt in the field of human-scale micro-renewal under the condition of new technology, which accurately responds to the question of what kind of guidance and control method can be adopted to maximize the walkability of streets in design practice, especially with different street characteristics and limited spaces.
关键词：街道空间；步行适宜性；可视化SP；虚拟现实；机器学习
Keyword: street space; walkability; visual stated preference; virtual reality; machine learning
中图分类号：TU984
文献标识码: A
资金资助
高密度人居环境生态与节能教育部重点实验室开放课题 “活力导向的城市设计分析工具开发：基于量化城市形态分析与计算机交互可视化技术” 2020010102
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