营造良好社交氛围的老年友好型社区室外环境设计研究——以北京某社区的持续跟踪调研为例
Research on Exterior Environmental Design with Good Social Atmosphere of Elderly-friendly Communities: A Case Study of a Community in Beijing
周燕珉
清华大学建筑学院 教授，博士生导师
王春彧
清华大学建筑学院 博士后
摘要: 社区是老年人日常活动的重要场所，社区室外环境设计对于老年人的身心健康具有重要意义。然而，由于规范标准的要求，现有社区的室外环境往往更多地考虑无障碍设计，适老化的设计相对不受重视，容易流于形式和概念，没有深入挖掘老年人的真正需求，如日常活动、情感需求等，更谈不上促进老年人社会交往。在分析现有社区室外环境中适老化设计问题的基础上，结合国内外老年人社交情感的相关理论与实验研究，归纳老年人在社区中的情感与精神需求，并结合近15年对北京某社区持续跟踪调研的经验，通过跟踪法、结构性观察法等研究方法，从场地规划、设施装置两方面探讨营造良好社交氛围的空间环境设计思路，以期为今后老年友好社区环境的改造与设计提供启示与借鉴。
Abstract: Communities are important places for the elderly's daily activities. The exterior environmental design of communities is of great significance to the physical and mental health of the elderly. However, due to the requirements of specification standards, existing methods of exterior environmental design consider the accessible design more often. The elderly-oriented design seems to be paid little attention, which easily becomes mere formality and concepts, without exploring deeply from the real needs of the elderly such as daily activities and emotional demands, not to mention the promotion of the elderly's social interaction. This paper analyzes the problems of elderly-oriented exterior environmental design in existing communities. Combined with the related theoretical and experimental research on the elderly's emotions at home and abroad, it concludes the emotional and spiritual needs of the elderly in communities. Based on 15-year tracking research of a community in Beijing, this paper discusses exterior environmental design ideas on creating a good social atmosphere from site planning and facilities, using tracking methods, structural observation and other research methods. It aims to provide inspiration and references for the future design and reconstruction of the elderly-friendly community environment.
关键词：老年友好社区；社交行为；代际互动；室外环境设计
Keyword: elderly-friendly community; social behavior; intergenerational interaction; exterior environmental design
中图分类号：TU984
文献标识码: A
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