共享单车出行的建成环境影响机制*——以上海市为例
The Impact Mechanism of Built Environment on Shared Bikes Travel: A Case Study of Shanghai
严亚磊
南京大学建筑与城市规划学院 硕士研究生
沈丽珍
南京大学建筑与城市规划学院 副教授，博士
于 涛（通信作者）
南京大学建筑与城市规划学院，中国城市规划学会城乡治理与政策研究学委会 副秘书长，副教授，博士
摘要: 共享单车在促进绿色出行的同时也给城市管理和建设带来挑战。以上海市为例，抓取摩拜单车出行轨迹及土地利用、道路网络、公共交通、服务设施等建成环境数据，构建回归模型，探索共享单车出行的建成环境影响机制。得出结论：街道尺度的人口密度、容积率促进共享单车出行，微观尺度的土地混合利用促进共享单车出行；共享单车与公交形成竞争关系，与地铁为共生关系，“地铁+共享单车”成为普遍的换乘模式；城市支路网密度提升可有效促进共享单车出行；共享单车出行与居住设施、教育设施、办公设施等通勤出行起终点的相关性较强。以期为营建有利于共享单车出行的建成环境提供相关建议。
Abstract: Shared bikes have become an indispensable green way of urban travel, but they also pose many challenges for urban management and construction. Taking Shanghai as an example, the study captures the Mobike cycling track and built environment data, including land use, road network, public transportation, and service facilities. Regression models are estimated to explore the impact mechanism of the built environment on shared bicycle travel. Results show that the population density and floor area ratio with the street scale can promote shared bikes travel, and the micro-scale mixed land use also promotes shared bikes travel. The shared bikes form a competitive relationship with public transportation and a symbiotic relationship with the subway, and "metro + shared bicycle" becomes a common transfer mode. Local roads effectively promote shared bikes travel, and shared bikes travel is more relevant to commuting factors such as residence, education and office facilities. The study aims to provide advice on building a built environment that is conducive to shared bicycle travel.
关键词：建成环境；共享单车；绿色出行；回归分析；上海市
Keyword: built environment; shared bikes; green travel; regression analysis; Shanghai
中图分类号：TU984
文献标识码: A
资金资助
国家自然科学基金项目 “智慧区域概念、评价指标与网络特征研究：以长三角为例” 41871160
郭鹏，林祥枝，黄艺，等. 共享单车：互联网技术与公共服务中的协同治理[J].公共管理学报，2017，14（3）：1-10，154.
GUO Peng, LIN Xiangzhi, HUANG Yi, et al. Shared bikes: collaborative governance in internet technology and public services[J]. Journal of Public Management, 2017, 14(3): 1-10, 154.
中国信息通信研究院政策与经济研究所. 中国共享单车行业发展报告（2018）[R]. 2018.
China Academy of Information and Communications Technology Policy and Economics Research Institute. China sharing bicycle industry development report (2018)[R]. 2018.
杨柳，李铭鑫. 基于文献计量的我国共享单车热点研究[J]. 中国商论，2018，756（17）：161-165.
YANG Liu, LI Mingxin. Research on China's shared bikes hotspot based on bibliometrics[J]. China Business & Trade, 2018, 756(17): 161-165.
周建高. 共享单车爆棚与中国城市空间结构问题[J]. 长安大学学报（社会科学版），2017，19（2）：20-29.
ZHOU Jiangao. The boom of sharing bicycles and Chinese urban spatial structure[J]. Journal of Chang'an University (Philosophy and Social Science Edition), 2017, 19(2): 20-29.
梁凯丽，曹小曙，黄晓燕. 基于知识图谱的公共自行车出行研究进展[J]. 地理科学进展，2017，36（6）：762-773.
LIANG Kaili, CAO Xiaoshu, HUANG Xiaoyan. Research progress on bikesharing travel based on CiteSpace[J]. Progress in Geography, 2017, 36(6): 762-773.
WANG Y, CHAU C K, NG W Y, et al. A review on the effects of physical built environment attributes on enhancing walking and cycling activity levels within residential neighborhoods[J]. Cities, 2016, 50: 1-15.
MATEO-BABIANO I, BEAN R, CORCORAN J, et al. How does our natural and built environment affect the use of bicycle sharing?[J]. Transportation Research Part A (Policy and Practice), 2016, 94: 295-307.
EL-ASSI W, SALAH M M, NURUL H K. Effects of built environment and weather on bike sharing demand: a station level analysis of commercial bike sharing in Toronto[J]. Transportation, 2017, 44(3): 589-613.
BRAZA M, SHOEMAKER W, SEELEY A. Neighborhood design and rates of walking and biking to elementary school in 34 California communities[J]. American Journal of Health Promotion, 2004, 19(2): 128-136.
OWEN N, BOURDEAUDHUIJ I D D, SUGIYAMA T, et al. Bicycle use for transport in an Australian and a Belgian city: associations with built-environment attributes[J].Journal of Urban Health, 2010, 87(2): 189-198.
GARRARD J, ROSE G, LO S K. Promoting transportation cycling for women: the role of bicycle infrastructure[J]. Preventive Medicine, 2008, 46(1): 55-59.
BERRIGAN D, PICKLE L W, DILL J. Associations between street connectivity and active transportation[J]. International Journal of Health Geographics, 2010, 9(1): 20.
FAGHIH-IMANI A, HAMPSHIRE R, MARLA L, et al. An empirical analysis of bike sharing usage and rebalancing: evidence from Barcelona and Seville[J]. Transportation Research Part A (Policy and Practice), 2017, 97: 177-191.
罗桑扎西，甄峰，尹秋怡. 城市公共自行车使用与建成环境的关系研究——以南京市桥北片区为例[J]. 地理科学，2018，38（3）：332-341.
LUO Sangzhaxi, ZHEN Feng, YIN Qiuyi. How built environment influence public bicycle usage: evidence from the bicycle sharing system in Qiaobei Area, Nanjing[J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2018, 38(3): 332-341.
刘冰，曹娟娟，周于杰，等. 城市公共自行车使用活动的时空间特征研究——以杭州为例[J]. 城市规划学刊，2016（3）：77-84.
LIU Bing, CAO Juanjuan, ZHOU Yujie, et al. A study on the temporal-spatial features of bicycle-sharing activities: a case of Hangzhou[J]. Urban Planning Forum, 2016(3): 77-84.
孙艺玲，仝德，曹超. 城市建成环境对公共自行车使用的影响机制研究——以深圳市南山区为例[J]. 北京大学学报（自然科学版），2018，54（6）：1325-1331.
SUN Yiling, TONG De, CAO Chao. How urban built environment affects the use of public bicycles: a case study of Nanshan District of Shenzhen[J]. Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis, 2018, 54(6): 1325-1331.
朱玮，庞宇琦，王德，等. 上海市闵行区公共自行车出行特征研究[J].上海城市规划，2012（6）：102-107.
ZHU Wei, PANG Yuqi, WANG De, et al. Research on the travel characteristics of public bicycle in Minhang District, Shanghai[J]. Shanghai Urban Planning Review, 2012(6): 102-107.
杨永崇，柳莹，李梁. 利用共享单车大数据的城市骑行热点范围提取[J]. 测绘通报，2018，497（8）：68-73.
YANG Yongchong, LIU Ying, LI Liang. Urban cycling hot spot extraction based on sharing-bikes' big data[J]. Bulletin of Surveying and Mapping, 2018, 497(8): 68-73.
高楹，宋辞，舒华，等. 北京市摩拜单车源汇时空特征分析及空间调度[J]. 地球信息科学学报，2018，20（8）：1123-1138.
GAO Ying, SONG Ci, SHU Hua, et al. Spatial-temporal characteristics of source and sink points of Mobikes in Beijing and its scheduling strategy[J]. Journal of Geo-Information Science, 2018, 20(8): 1123-1138.
邓力凡，谢永红，黄鼎曦. 基于骑行时空数据的共享单车设施规划研究[J].规划师，2017，33（10）：82-88.
DENG Lifan, XIE Yonghong, HUANG Dingxi. Bicycle-sharing facility planning base on riding spatio-temporal data[J]. Planners, 2017, 33(10): 82-88.
孙艺玲，袁玉玺，涂媛杰，等. 共享单车出行动力机制研究及智能停放点规划[C]//共享与品质——2018中国城市规划年会论文集. 北京：中国建筑工业出版社，2018.
SUN Yiling, YUAN Yuxi, TU Yuanjie, et al. Research on the mechanism of shared bicycle movement and intelligent parking point planning[C]//Sharing and Quality: Proceedings of the Annual National Planning Conference, 2018. Beijing: China Architecture & Building Press, 2018.
刘子明，陈宇. 长沙市摩拜单车出行空间分布特征与影响因子分析[C]// 共享与品质——2018中国城市规划年会论文集. 北京：中国建筑工业出版社，2018.
LIU Ziming, CHEN Yu. Analysis of spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors of Mobike travel in Changsha City[C]//Sharing and Quality: Proceedings of the Annual National Planning Conference, 2018. Beijing: China Architecture & Building Press, 2018.
WINTERS M, BRAUER M, SETTON E M, et al. Built environment influences on healthy transportation choices: bicycling versus driving[J]. Journal of Urban Health, 2010, 87(6): 969-993.
CERVERO R, KOCKELMAN K M. Travel demand and the 3Ds: density, diversity and design[J]. Transportation Research,1996, 2(3): 199-219.
王丹. 制度变迁背景下上海居住空间结构演化研究[D]. 上海：华东师范大学，2011.
WANG Dan. A study on Shanghai urban residential spatial structure during institutional change[D]. Shanghai: East China Normal University, 2011.
TANG Y, PAN H X, SHEN Q. Bike-sharing systems in Beijing, Shanghai, and Hangzhou and their impact on travel behavior[C]//Transportation Research Board 90th Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Transportation Research Board, 2011: 1.
