宅基地“三权分置”下乡村主体性变迁与规划变革研究*
The Changing Trends of Rural Subjectivity and Reform of Rural Planning under the Reform of "Separation of Three Rights" in Homestead
盛钰仁
南京大学建筑与城市规划学院硕士研究生
罗震东（通信作者）
南京大学建筑与城市规划学院 教授，博士生导师南京大学空间规划研究中心 执行主任
摘要: 基于宅基地“三权分置”改革的趋势，构建“制度—产权—主体”分析框架推演乡村主体性变迁的可能。分别从资格权与使用权合一、资格权与使用权分离、资格权和使用权混合3种情况阐述不同产权关系主导下的乡村发展类型。可以看到随着中国城镇化进程的不断推进，传统乡村的社会经济结构将不断地瓦解、重构，“三权分置”的改革意义深远。随着资格权与使用权的分离和使用权的不断放活，大量乡村将发展成为多元主体融合的社区。作为法定国土空间规划体系的重要组成部分，当前的乡村规划理论非常滞后，难以面对不断演进、日益多元的乡村发展的需求，亟需理念、方法和内容上的更新。在理念上，要充分考虑、统筹乡村空间中各种产权主体的发展诉求；在方法上，要从时空多维视角综合统筹、处理要素之间的复杂关系，从社区规划中汲取营养，加强空间布局与设计的能力；在内容上，要将制度设计纳入规划设计的范畴，引导乡村主体性的良性回归。
Abstract: ased on the trend of the reform of the three-ownership of the homestead, the analysis framework of "institution-property rightsubject" is constructed to deduct the possibility of rural subjectivity changes. The types of rural development under the guidance of different property rights relations are explained separately from the three situations of the integration, the separation, and the mixing of the qualification right and the use right. It can be seen that with the continuous advancement of China's urbanization process, the social and economic structure of traditional villages will continue to be disintegrated and reconstructed, and the reform of the separation of ownerships is of far-reaching significance. With the separation of qualification rights and use rights and the continuous deregulation of use rights, a large number of villages will develop into communities that integrate diverse subjects. As an important part of the Statutory Land and Space Planning System, the current rural planning theory is very lagging behind, and it is difficult to meet the needs of evolving and increasingly diversified rural development. It is urgent to update the concepts, methods and content. In terms of concept, it is necessary to fully consider and coordinate the development demands of various property subjects in rural spaces. In terms of methods, it is necessary to comprehensively coordinate and deal with the complex relationships between elements from a multidimensional perspective of time and space, draw lessons from community planning, and strengthen the ability of spatial layout and design. In terms of content, the institutional design should be included in the scope of planning and design to guide the benign return of rural subjectivity.
关键词：乡村主体性；乡村规划；三权分置；产权；宅基地
Keyword: rural subjectivity; rural planning; separation of three rights; property right; homestead
中图分类号：TU981
文献标识码: A
资金资助
国家自然科学基金项目 “电子商务推动的乡村城镇化特征、机制与规划应对研究” 51878329
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