省级次区域国土生态空间格局构建与管控政策* ——以川西北生态示范区为例
The Construction and Control Policy of the Ecological Spatial Pattern of the Provincial Sub-regions: A Case Study of Northwestern Sichuan
颜文涛
同济大学建筑与城市规划学院 高密度人居环境生态与节能教育部重点实验室 教授，博士生导师
孙 荣（通信作者）
华侨大学化工学院 副教授，博士
李思静
同济大学建筑与城市规划学院 硕士研究生
王雨琪
同济大学建筑与城市规划学院 硕士研究生
李子豪
同济大学建筑与城市规划学院 硕士研究生
万山霖
同济大学建筑与城市规划学院 硕士研究生
陈 卉
同济大学建筑与城市规划学院 博士研究生
摘要: 面对现有区域生态空间格局构建方法跨尺度研究较少、生态系统服务（以下简称“ESs”）评价阈值设置存在不确定性和主观性、生态空间管控政策有待明确等问题，以川西北省级次区域为例，在测度水源涵养、水土保持、气候调节和生物多样性维护4项ESs供应水平的基础上，根据生态空间供应ESs的累计功能特征，提出生态系统服务重要性分级的评价方法，进行ESs重要性的单项和集成评价，识别四级生态优先区和两级生态廊道，构建符合生态战略一致性检验的区域生态空间格局，进而提出生态空间的分区管控政策。以期为跨尺度、跨区域生态空间格局提供理论和方法支撑。
Abstract: Faced with problems such as rapid urbanization squeezing out ecological space and leading to a decline in the supply of ecosystem services (ESs), the existing methods for constructing regional ecological spatial patterns still have research gaps, such as few cross-scale studies, uncertainty and subjectivity in threshold setting, and ambiguous control policies. Taking the provincial sub-regions of northwestern Sichuan as an example, on the basis of measuring the supply level of four ESs of water conservation, soil and water conservation, climate regulation and biodiversity maintenance, it is the first time to propose the method for determining the importance classification evaluation based on the efficiency characteristics of the ESs supply of ecological space. On this basis, the importance of individual and integrated evaluation of the importance of the ESs is carried out. This paper then identifies four-level ecological priority areas and two-level ecological corridors, constructs a regional ecological spatial pattern that conforms to the consistency test of ecological strategies, and proposes targeted zoning management and control policies. It is expected to provide theoretical and methodological support for constructing a cross-scale and cross-regional ecological spatial pattern that improves the supply capacity and efficiency of ESs.
关键词：生态空间格局；生态系统服务；测度与评价；管控政策；省级次区域
Keyword: ecological spatial pattern; ecosystem services; measurement and evaluation; management and control policies; provincial sub-regions
中图分类号：TU984
文献标识码: A
资金资助
中国国土勘测规划院外协资助项目 “城市生态空间网络结构优化与规划管控对策” 20201811413
王甫园，王开泳，陈田，等. 城市生态空间研究进展与展望[J]. 地理科学进展，2017（2）：207-218.
WANG Fuyuan, WANG Kaiyong, CHEN Tian, et al. Progress and prospect of research on urban ecological space[J]. Progress in Geography, 2017(2): 207-218.
高吉喜，徐德琳，乔青，等. 自然生态空间格局构建与规划理论研究[J]. 生态学报，2020，40（3）：749-755.
GAO Jixi, XU Delin, QIAO Qing, et al. Pattern construction of natural ecological space and planning theory exploration[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2020, 40(3): 749-755.
彭建，赵会娟，刘焱序，等. 区域生态安全格局构建研究进展与展望[J]. 地理研究，2017（3）：407-419.
PENG Jian, ZHAO Huijuan, LIU Yanxu, et al. Research progress and prospect on regional ecological security pattern construction[J]. Geographical Research, 2017(3): 407-419.
彭建，杨旸，谢盼，等. 基于生态系统服务供需的广东省绿地生态网络建设分区[J]. 生态学报，2017，37（13）：4562-4572.
PENG Jian, YANG Yang, XIE Pan, et al. Zoning for the construction of green space ecological networks in Guangdong Province based on the supply and demand of ecosystem services[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2017, 37(13): 4562-4572.
ALBERT C, HAAREN C V. Implications of applying the green infrastructure concept in landscape planning for ecosystem services in peri-urban areas: an expert survey and case study[J]. Planning Practice & Research, 2017, 32(3): 227-242.
曹玉红，曹卫东，吴威，等. 基于自然生态约束空间差异的区域生态安全格局构建[J]. 水土保持通报，2008（1）：106-109.
CAO Hongyu, CAO Weidong, WU Wei, et al. Constructing regional ecological security pattern based on the spatial difference of eco-environmental restriction[J]. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation, 2008(1): 106-109.
钱颖，杨建军. 基于生态敏感性和景观格局的城市生态带规划探究[J]. 中国园林，2014，30（6）：107-111.
QIAN Ying, YANG Jianjun. Research on urban ecological belt planning based on ecological sensitivity and landscape structure[J]. Chinese Landscape Architecture, 2014, 30(6): 107-111.
陈昕，彭建，刘焱序，等. 基于“重要性—敏感性—连通性”框架的云浮市生态安全格局构建[J]. 地理研究，2017，36（3）：471-484.
CHEN Xin, PENG Jian, LIU Yanxu, et al. Constructing ecological security patterns in Yunfu city based on the framework of importance-sensitivity-connectivity[J]. Geographical Research, 2017, 36(3): 471-484.
杨天荣，匡文慧，刘卫东，等. 基于生态安全格局的关中城市群生态空间结构优化布局[J]. 地理研究，2017，36（3）：441-452.
YANG Tianrong, KUANG Wenhui, LIU Weidong, et al. Optimizing the layout of eco-spatial structure in Guanzhong urban agglomeration based on the ecological security pattern[J]. Geographical Research, 2017, 36(3): 441-452.
VALLECILLO S, POLCE C, BARBOSA A, et al. Spatial alternatives for Green Infrastructure planning across the EU: an ecosystem service perspective[J]. Landscape & Urban Planning, 2018, 174: 41-54.
吴健生，岳新欣，秦维. 基于生态系统服务价值重构的生态安全格局构建——以重庆两江新区为例[J]. 地理研究，2017，36（3）：429-440.
WU Jiansheng, YUE Xinxin, QIN Wei. The establishment of ecological security patterns based on the redistribution of ecosystem service value: a case study in the Liangjiang New Area, Chongqing[J]. Geographical Research, 2017, 36(3): 429-440.
许峰，尹海伟，孔繁花，等. 基于MSPA与最小路径方法的巴中西部新城生态网络构建[J]. 生态学报，2015（19）：6425-6434.
XU Feng, YIN Haiwei, KONG Fanhua, et al. Developing ecological networks based on MSPA and the least-cost path method: a case study in Bazhong Western New District[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2015(19): 6425-6434.
肖华斌，张慧莹，刘莹，等. 自然资源整合视角下泰山区域生态网络构建研究[J]. 上海城市规划，2020（1）：42-47.
XIAO Huabin, ZHANG Huiying, LIU Ying, et al. Study on the construction of ecological network of the Taishan Area based on natural resources integration[J]. Shanghai Urban Planning Review, 2020(1): 42-47.
张蕾，苏里，汪景宽，等. 基于景观生态学的鞍山市生态网络构建[J]. 生态学杂志，2014，33（5）：1337-1343.
ZHANG Lei, SU Li, WANG Jingkuan, et al. Establishment of ecological network based on landscape ecology in Anshan[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2014, 33(5): 1337-1343.
孙伟，李昆，谢玉静，等. 中国特大城市空间规划中生态系统服务概念的应用状况、原因及对策研究——基于北京和上海城市总体规划的文本分析[J]. 上海城市规划，2020（1）：34-41.
SUN Wei, LI Kun, XIE Yujing, et al. The uptake, causes and countermeasures of the ecosystem service concept in spatial plans of metropolitan cities in China: cases study of Beijing and Shanghai based on document analysis[J]. Shanghai Urban Planning Review, 2020(1): 34-41.
樊杰. 中国主体功能区划方案[J]. 地理学报，2015，70（2）：186-201.
FAN Jie. Draft of major function oriented zoning of China[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2015, 70(2): 186-201.
燕乃玲，赵秀华，虞孝感. 长江源区生态功能区划与生态系统管理[J]. 长江流域资源与环境，2006，15（5）：598-602.
YAN Nailing, ZHAO Xiuhua, YU Xiaogan. Ecosystem delineation on priority ecosystem services and ecosystem management in the upper Yangtze River[J]. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin, 2006, 15(5): 598-602.
乔青. 川滇农牧交错带景观格局与生态脆弱性评价[D]. 北京：北京林业大学，2007.
QIAO Qing. Research on landscape pattern and ecological frangibility assessment of Chuan-Dian farming-pastoral zone[D]. Beijing: Beijing Forestry University, 2007.
郭孟瑶. 基于生态足迹模型的川西北沙化地区生态补偿量化研究[J]. 中国农业资源与区划，2018，39（6）：17-22.
GUO Mengyao. A quantitative study on the ecological compensation standard in the desertified area of northwest Sichuan based on ecological footprint model[J]. Chinese Journal of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, 2018, 39(6): 17-22.
庞丙亮，崔丽娟，马牧源，等. 若尔盖高寒湿地生态系统服务价值评价[J]. 湿地科学，2014，12（3）：273-278.
PANG Bingliang, CUI Lijuan, MA Muyuan, et al. Evaluation of Ecosystem Services Valuation of Alpine Wetlands in Zoigê Plateau[J]. Wetland Science, 2014, 12(3): 273-278.
赵海凤. 四川省森林生态系统服务价值计量与分析[D]. 北京：北京林业大学，2014.
ZHAO Haifeng. The value of forest ecosystem services accounting and analysis in Sichuan, China[D]. Beijing: Beijing Forestry University, 2014.
环境保护部，国家发展改革委. 生态保护红线划定指南[Z]. 2017.
Ministry of Environmental Protection, National Development and Reform Commission. Guidelines for delimitation of ecological protection red line[Z]. 2017.
自然资源部. 资源环境承载能力和国土空间开发适宜性评价指南[Z]. 2020.
Ministry of Natural Resources. Guidelines for evaluation of environmental carrying capacity and suitability of land and space development[Z]. 2020.
STÜRCK J, SCHULP C J E, VERBURG P H. Spatio-temporal dynamics of regulating ecosystem services in Europe – the role of past and future land use change[J]. Applied Geography, 2015, 63: 121-135.
全国工商联房地产商会. 中国绿色低碳住区减碳技术评估框架体系[Z]. 2010.
National Federation of Industry and Commerce Real Estate Chamber of Commerce. China green and low-carbon residential area carbon reduction technology assessment framework[Z]. 2010.
