街道空间步行环境测评研究* ——以北京什刹海历史文化街区为例
Research on Evaluation of Walking Environment on Streets: A Case Study of Shichahai Historic Scenic Area
周梦茹
清华大学建筑学院 博士研究生
边兰春
清华大学建筑学院 教授，博士生导师
魏寒宾（通信作者）
华侨大学建筑学院 讲师，博士
摘要: 步行环境的综合评价是历史文化街区实现动态保护和可持续发展的不可缺少的重要环节之一。以什刹海街道地区的空间步行环境为例，构建基于安全性、舒适性、便捷性、识别性的原则，以通畅度、有效宽度、遮荫率、平整度、步行道密度、可识别度为评价指标的步行环境评价体系；运用均方差权值法赋予各项指标权重，计算出综合评分，再将评分结果输入SPSS中进行聚类分析，并依据分类结果提出禁停限行、优化道路断面、增加绿化等提升什刹海地区街道空间步行品质的规划建议。
Abstract: The comprehensive evaluation of the pedestrian environment is an important indispensable step to realize the dynamic protection and sustainable development of historical and cultural blocks. This study takes the spatial walking environment in Shichahai as an example. Based on the principles of safety, comfort, convenience, and recognition, it constructs a pedestrian environment evaluation system that includes indicators such as patency, effective width, shading rate, flatness, walkway density, and identifiability. The weight of each index is given by the mean square error weight method to calculate the comprehensive score. Then the score results are input into SPSS for cluster analysis. Based on the classification results, it puts forward planning suggestions for improving the pedestrian space quality in Shichahai, such as prohibiting parking, optimizing road sections, and increasing greening.
关键词：街道空间；历史街巷；步行环境；评价；聚类分析
Keyword: street space; historical street; walking environment; evaluation; cluster analysis
中图分类号：TU984
文献标识码: A
资金资助
华侨大学科研基金资助项目 “历史文化街区的场所感形成元素与结构研究” 20BS111
边兰春，梁思思，陈明玉. 生态健康视角下东方城市设计智慧再演绎——以北京营城思想为例[J]. 中国园林，2018，34（12）：23-28.
BIAN Lanchun, LIANG Sisi, CHEN Mingyu. Re-interpretation of eastern urban design wisdom from the ecological health perspective: a case study of Beijing inner city[J]. Chinese Landscape Architecture, 2018, 34(12): 23-28.
边兰春，吴灈杭，石炀. 北京老城历史文化街区保护中的问题辨析与思考[J]. 北京规划建设，2019（S2）：34-41.
BIAN Lanchun, WU Quhang, SHI Yang. Discrimination and thinking of the conservation of historic and cultural area in Beijing old city[J]. Beijing Planning and Construction, 2019(S2): 34-41.
周垠，龙瀛. 街道步行指数的大规模评价——方法改进及其成都应用[J]. 上海城市规划，2017（1）：88-93.
ZHOU Yin, LONG Ying. Large-scale evaluation for street walkability: methodological improvements and the empirical application in Chengdu[J]. Shanghai Urban Planning Review, 2017(1): 88-93.
袁辛. 南京夫子庙街区步行空间调查及整治策略研究[D]. 南京：南京工业大学，2015.
YUAN Xin. Research on Nanjing Confucius Temple block pedestrian space survey and remediation strategy[D]. Nanjing: Nanjing University of Technology, 2015.
梁晨，曾坚. 基于重要性—绩效分析的历史文化街区步行环境优化研究——以天津五大道地区为例[J]. 现代城市研究，2019（2）：54-59.
LIANG Chen, ZENG Jian. Research on optimization of walking environment in historical district based on importance-performance analysis: a case study of Five Avenues, Tianjin[J]. Modern Urban Research, 2019(2): 54-59.
谭少华，王莹亮，肖健. 基于主动式干预的可步行城市策略研究[J]. 国际城市规划，2016，31（5）：61-67.
TAN Shaohua, WANG Yingliang, XIAO Jian. A study on walkable city strategies based on active intervention[J]. Urban Planning International, 2016, 31(5): 61-67.
崔莹，过秀成，邓一凌，等. 到历史文化街区步行性分析方法研究[J]. 交通运输工程与信息学报，2015，13（1）：51-57.
CUI Ying, GUO Xiucheng, DENG Yiling, et al. A method to evaluate the walkability of historic conservation area[J]. Journal of Transportation Engineering and Information, 2015, 13(1): 51-57.
刘涟涟，尉闻. 步行性评价方法与工具的国际经验[J]. 国际城市规划，2018，33（4）：103-110.
LIU Lianlian, WEI Wen. International experiences of tools and approaches for assessment of walkability[J]. Urban Planning International, 2018, 33(4): 103-110.
唐婧娴，龙瀛. 特大城市中心区街道空间品质的测度——以北京二三环和上海内环为例[J]. 规划师，2017，33（2）：68-73.
TANG Jingxian, LONG Ying. Metropolitan street space quality evaluation: second and third ring of Beijing, inner ring of Shanghai[J]. Planners, 2017, 33(2): 68-73.
李翅，黄哲娇，朱斯斯. 北京什刹海地区街道步行乐趣调查与评价[J]. 规划师，2014，30（4）：112-118.
LI Chi, HUANG Zhejiao, ZHU Sisi. An investigation on pedestrian pleasure in Shichahai, Beijing[J]. Planners, 2014, 30(4): 112-118.
于长明，吴培阳. 城市绿色空间可步行性评价方法研究综述[J]. 中国园林，2018，34（4）：18-23.
YU Changming, WU Peiyang. Review of urban green space walkability assessment method[J]. Chinese Landscape Architecture, 2018, 34(4): 18-23.
辛梦阳. 生活服务型街道步行适宜性标杆管理[D]. 西安：长安大学，2017.
XIN Mengyang. Benchmarking of living service street walkability[D]. Xi'an: Chang'an University, 2017.
姜涛，王妍. 城市步行空间质量评价初探[J]. 交通标准化，2006（Z1）：152-154.
JIANG Tao, WANG Yan. The preliminary study on quality of urban walking space[J]. Transportation Standardization, 2006(Z1): 152-154.
曹哲静，辜培钦，韩治远，等. 面向街道的步行与骑行环境评估——以天津市为例[J]. 城市交通，2018，16（6）：43-53.
CAO Zhejing, GU Peiqin, HAN Zhiyuan, et al. Evaluation of street walkability and bikeability: a case study of Tianjin[J]. Urban Transport, 2018, 16(6): 43-53.
康利平. 杭州高校校园步行适宜性调查及对策研究[D]. 杭州：浙江农林大学，2015.
KANG Liping. Walking suitability investigation and countermeasures research of universities in Hangzhou[D]. Hangzhou: Zhejiang A&F University, 2015.
边兰春，石炀. 社会——空间视角下北京历史街区整体保护思考[J]. 上海城市规划，2017（6）：1-7.
BIAN Lanchun, SHI Yang. Study of integrated conservation in Beijing Historic Area: from society space perspective[J]. Shanghai Urban Planning Review, 2017(6): 1-7.
宁昱西. 个体迁居视角下南京市进城务工人员居住空间演变初探 ——以商业服务业从业人员为例[D]. 南京：东南大学，2018.
NING Yuxi. Preliminary study on the evolution of residential space of migrants in Nanjing from the individual perspective: take commercial service practitioners as an example[D]. Nanjing: Southeast University, 2018.
金俊，齐康，张曼，等. 到城市CBD步行环境质量量化评价——以广州珠江新城和深圳福田中心区为例[J]. 中国园林，2016，32（8）：46-51.
JIN Jun, QI Kang, ZHANG Man, et al. Quantitative evaluation of walking accessibility in CBD: a case study of Zhujiang New Town in Guangzhou and Futian Center in Shenzhen[J]. Chinese Garden, 2016, 32(8): 46 -51.
赵士修. 城市特色与城市设计[J]. 城市规划，1998（4）：54-55.
ZHAO Shixiu. Urban characteristics and urban design[J]. City Planning Review, 1998(4): 54-55.
梅寒锐. 长沙传统历史街巷空间探析[D]. 长沙：湖南大学，2017.
MEI Hanrui. Analysis on Changsha traditional historical streets[D]. Changsha: Hunan University, 2017.
丁奇，郭顺. 浅析北京市西城区历史街区街道空间的营造——以东绒线胡同为例[J]. 遗产与保护研究，2017，2（7）：42-45.
DING Qi, GUO Shun. Shallow of research on street space construction in the historical street of Xicheng District, Beijing[J]. Heritage and Conservation Research, 2017, 2(7): 42-45.
