国土空间规划背景下上海新城建设的若干分析与思考
Analysis and Thinking of Shanghai New Town Construction under the Background of Territory Spatial Planning
张 捷
上海同济城市规划设计研究院有限公司 教师规划设计中心副主任，教授级高工
赵 民（通信作者）
同济大学建筑与城市规划学院 教授，博士生导师
肖宏伟
同济大学建筑与城市规划学院 硕士研究生
摘要: 在建立国土空间规划体系和追求高质量发展的情势下，对新城的发展历程作回溯，并以上海为例探讨新形势下的新城建设思路。首先分析新城建设的缘起与演进，包括对霍华德田园城市理念的解读和实践的介绍，以及对国内外新城的初步发展、快速发展和调整发展的简要介绍。然后解析上海新城的空间发展、产业发展和公共服务发展状况，提出亟待克服的若干薄弱环节。最后阐释规划体系变革与新城建设理念传承的关系，并探讨上海新城建设的重要思路，包括兼顾城市职能和区域职能、高效发展和能力培育、激活内生动力和营造特色，以及完善运作机制和提升治理能力。在新时代的城市和区域发展中，新城仍具有重要地位，上海出台的各项政策目标、专项方案及规划引导，进一步丰富了新城的内涵，为有关工作提供了有益参考。
Abstract: In the context of establishing the territory spatial planning system and pursuing high-quality development, this paper traces the development course of the new town and takes Shanghai as an example to explore the new town practice under the new situation. Firstly, it analyzes the origin and evolution of the new town development, including the interpretation of Howard's garden city concept and its practice, and the introduction of the new town's initial development, rapid development, and adjustment development stages internationally and domestically. Then, it overviews Shanghai's new town development in terms of space development, industrial development and public service development, and argues some shortcomings that need to be overcome. Finally, it explains the relationship between the reform of the spatial planning system and the inheritance of the new town concept, and puts forward some important ideas for Shanghai's new town development in the future, including balancing urban and regional functions, conducting efficient development and ability cultivation, activating endogenetic motivation and fostering features, and improving mechanism and governance. In the urban and regional development of the new era, new towns still possess essential values. Shanghai's various policies, programs and planning guidance have further enriched the connotation of new towns and provided references for relevant work.
关键词：田园城市；新城建设；理念传承；上海实践
Keyword: garden city; new town; inheritance; Shanghai practice
中图分类号：TU984
文献标识码: A
CULLINGWORTH B, NADIN V, HART T, et al. Town and country planning in the UK[M]. Abingdon: Routledge, 2011.
赵民，王聿丽. 新城规划与建设实践的国际经验及启示[J]. 城市与区域规划研究，2011，9（2）：65-77.
ZHAO Min, WANG Yuli. International experience and enlightenment of new town planning and construction practice[J]. Journal of Urban and Regional Planning, 2011, 9(2): 65-77.
李益彬. 启动与发展：新中国成立初期城市规划事业研究[M]. 成都：西南交通大学出版社，2007.
LI Yibin. Initiation and development: a study of urban planning in the early days of the founding of new China[M]. Chengdu: Southwest Jiaotong University Press, 2007.
HOWARD E. Garden cities of to-morrow[J]. Organization & Environment, 2007, 16(1): 98-107.
张捷，赵民. 新城运动的演进及现实意义——重读Peter Self的《新城——英国的经验》[J]. 国外城市规划，2002（5）：46-49.
ZHANG Jie, ZHAO Min. The evolution of the new town movement and its practical significance: rereading Peter Self's New Town: the Experience of Britain[J]. Urban Planning Overseas, 2002(5): 46-49.
黄胜利，宁越敏. 国外新城建设及启示[J]. 现代城市研究，2003（4）：12-17.
HUANG Shengli, NING Yuemin. New town construction abroad and its enlightenment[J]. Modern Urban Research, 2003(4): 12-17.
谢鹏飞. 伦敦新城规划建设的经验教训和对北京的启示[J]. 经济地理，2010，30（1）：47-52.
XIE Pengfei. Experience and lessons of London new town planning and construction and its enlightenment to Beijing[J]. Economic Geography, 2010, 30(1): 47-52.
林华，龙宁. 西欧的新城规划[J]. 现代城市研究，1998（4）：3-5.
LIN Hua, LONG Ning. New town planning in western Europe[J]. Modern Urban Research, 1998(4): 3-5.
张捷. 新城规划与建设概论[M]. 天津：天津大学出版社，2009.
ZHANG Jie. Introduction to new town planning and construction[M]. Tianjin: Tianjin University Press, 2009.
王宏远，樊杰. 北京的城市发展阶段对新城建设的影响[J]. 城市规划，2007（3）：20-24.
WANG Hongyuan, FAN Jie. The influence of Beijing's urban development stage on new town construction[J]. City Planning Review, 2007(3): 20-24.
汪劲柏，赵民. 我国大规模新城区开发及其影响研究[J]. 城市规划学刊，2012（5）：21-29.
WANG Jinbai, ZHAO Min. Large scale new urban development and its impact in China[J]. Urban Planning Forum, 2012(5): 21-29.
顾竹屹，赵民，张捷. 探索“新城”的中国化之路——上海市郊新城规划建设的回溯与展望[J]. 城市规划学刊，2014（3）：28-36.
GU Zhuyi, ZHAO Min, ZHANG Jie. Exploring the road of "new town" in China: retrospect and prospect of Shanghai suburban new town planning and construction[J]. Urban Planning Forum, 2014(3): 28-36.
袁奇峰，魏成. 从“大盘”到“新城”——广州“华南板块”重构思考[J]. 城市与区域规划研究，2011，4（2）：101-118.
YUAN Qifeng, WEI Cheng. From "large community" to "new town": reorganization of "south China residential block"[J]. Journal of Urban and Regional Planning, 2011, 4(2): 101-118.
迈克尔•布鲁顿，希拉•布鲁顿，于立，等. 英国新城发展与建设[J]. 城市规划，2003（12）：78-81.
BRUTON M, BRUTON S, YU Li, et al. New town development and construction in UK[J]. City Planning Review, 2003(12): 78-81.
杨东峰，熊国平，王静文. 1990年以来国际新城建设趋势探讨[J]. 地域研究与开发，2007（6）：18-22.
YANG Dongfeng, XIONG Guoping, WANG Jingwen. Discussion on the trend of international new town construction since 1990[J]. Regional Research and Development, 2007(6): 18-22.
赵民. 国土空间规划体系建构的逻辑及运作策略探讨[J]. 城市规划学刊，2019（4）：8-15.
ZHAO Min. Discussion on the logic and operation strategy of land and space planning system[J]. Urban Planning Forum, 2019(4): 8-15.
上海市人民政府. 关于本市“十四五”加快推进新城规划建设工作的实施意见通知[EB/OL]. （2021-03-02）[2021-07-05]. https://www.shanghai.gov.cn/nw12344/20210302/6c8561a91a67478899a5eb51aa612d78.html.
Shanghai Municipal People's Government. Notice on the implementation of accelerating the planning and construction of new towns in the 14th five year plan[EB/OL]. (2021-03-02)[2021-07-05]. https://www.shanghai.gov.cn/nw12344/20210302/6c8561a91a67478899a5eb51aa612d78.html.
上海市新城规划建设推进协调领导小组办公室. 上海市新城规划建设导则[EB/OL]. （2021-03-01）[2021-07-05]. https://www.shanghai.gov.cn/cmsres/23/23b5a00e39c14deaa1b8b854ec15ccee/276edb9ce6476a09580e2168d0cc7790.pdf.
Office of Shanghai New Town Planning and Construction Promotion Coordination Leading Group. Guidelines for Shanghai new town planning and construction[EB/OL]. (2021-03-01)[2021-07-05]. https://www.shanghai.gov.cn/cmsres/23/23b5a00e39c14deaa1b8b854ec15ccee/276edb9ce6476a09580e2168d0cc7790.pdf.
