2022 Vol.6

Safety and Resilient City

Research Progress and Perspectives on the Theory and Practice of Urban Spatial Resilience

Abstract: The frequent occurrence of extreme weather events, natural disasters, accidents and public health incidents seriously threaten the safety and sustainable development of human society. The introduction of the concept of resilience, which addresses the dynamics and sustainability of complex social-ecological systems, provides cities with a new perspective on disaster risk and the coordination of urban development goals and urban safety bottom lines. Urban space is the material carrier and spatial representation of various activities in cities, and is the material link that coordinates the healthy and orderly development of all elements of urban systems, affecting urban socio-economic development and the human living environment. The proposal of urban space resilience is a new attempt to combine resilience theory and urban space research. This study firstly compares the origin and development of urban spatial resilience, clarifies the concept and connotation of urban spatial resilience, summarizes the main assessment methods of urban spatial resilience, and summarizes the progress of urban spatial resilience practice in response to disaster risks. Finally, this paper summarizes the shortcomings of the current urban spatial resilience research and puts forward the research outlook, in order to provide references for the construction of spatial resilience in China.

Domestic and Overseas Research Progress and Trend on Resilient City

Abstract: The rapid development of cities has brought safety challenges, and the resilient city has become the research and practice hotspot for resisting and adapting to urban disaster risks. Based on the bibliometric analysis method, the article carries out a knowledge graph analysis of the resilient city research in the Chinese and English literature from 1991 to 2022 by CiteSpace and VOSviewer visualization tools. The research results show that: (1) the volume of Chinese and English literature has shown a trend of slow growth in the early stage and explosive growth in the later stage, and is still growing. (2) The cooperation between Chinese research institutions is scattered, while the cooperation between English research institutions is closer. The cooperation between domestic institutions and foreign institutions needs to be strengthened. (3) Research mainly focuses on urban planning and design, climate disasters, social economy, and urban governance. (4) The research on the resilient city in English has entered a mature stage, while the Chinese research is still in the late stage of application. Finally, the article looks ahead to the trend of the theory research, evaluation methods, technology exploration, planning practice and effect evaluation of resilient cities, in order to provide references for further study of the resilient city in China.

Assessment Methods and Resilience Planning Response for Spatial Health Risks in the Context of Climate Change

Abstract: Climate change increases human health risks in living spaces through direct or indirect pathways. It is an urgent research issue to introduce the study of climate change-induced health risks into the planning discipline, to scientifically assess the health risks faced by the public, and to integrate the assessment with spatial planning decisions. Based on the analysis of how climate change triggers health risks, this paper combines the progress of related research at home and abroad, builds a framework and system for assessing the spatial health risks of climate change by assessing the risk of causative factors, the exposure of affected bodies and the vulnerability of affected bodies, analyzes and compares the existing quantitative evaluation methods, and proposes to combine the hesitant hierarchy analysis method and the layer superposition method for quantitative assessment of spatial health risks. Finally, taking into account the characteristics of current spatial planning, we propose relevant resilience planning responses from three aspects: improving the preparation of territorial spatial planning, transmission mechanism and implementation system.

Ecological Resilience and Planning Strategies of Winter Cities

Abstract: Winter cities are faced with the dual challenges of cold climate and urban diseases. With a relatively fragile ecological background, they are also faced with huge population pressure. Improving urban ecological carrying capacity and enhancing urban resilience is the appropriate direction for the sustainable and healthy development of winter cities. By analyzing the special challenges faced by winter cities, combing the existing research and planning experience, and combining the research and regulation framework of "scale-density-morphology" of urban ecological resilience, a series of planning strategies are proposed. Among them, strategies based on scale resilience include controlling urban growth boundaries, building ecological infrastructure with high standards, and attaching importance to the allocation of evergreen vegetation. Strategies based on density resilience include controlling urban density, adjusting internal group density, and increasing winter environmental conditions as the supplementary basis for density control. Strategies based on morphology resilience include optimizing the urban periphery form, promoting the development of urban polycentric clusters, setting up more accessible blue-green spaces, and adopting more detailed planning and layout methods for winter needs.

Assessing Adaptation Planning Strategies of Interconnected Infrastructure under Sea-level Rise by Cost-benefit Analysis: A Case Study of Florida

Abstract: This study assesses the adaptation planning strategies of infrastructures for the Northwest Florida region in the context of sea-level rise based on cost-benefit analysis. Specifically, this paper considers both direct and indirect impacts of sea-level rise on the region by deploying the interdependence of infrastructure. Based on the results, we recommend that the most effective strategy is partial protection of land use plus inundated transportation network upgrade, even though the total shoreline protection can make more benefits. Furthermore, we compare the adaptive planning strategies of the objective planning year from two criteria: total benefits and cost-benefit. The result indicates that the year 2080 would be the most economical if it is set as the objective year of the long-term infrastructure planning. The result also highlights that the economic benefits of infrastructure should be greater over time since the total costs are distributed over many years. It is not to say that the farther the year is, the more effective the strategy would be.

Flood Disaster Governance and Planning Enlightenment in River Basin under the Concept of Resilience: A Case Study of Han River Basin in South Korea

Abstract: Facing extreme climate change and rapid urban development, river basin flood control planning can effectively mitigate social and economic impacts from flood disasters as a key approach. The paper illustrates the Han River Basin in South Korea as a study case. By reviewing flood control measures that have changed from pure engineering intervention to multiple flood control planning for river basins under the concept of resilience, the paper analyzes the specific methods and key points of river basin flood control measures in order to sort out experiences, such as the flood disaster risk assessment, collaborative system of dams and reservoirs, ecological flood control network and multi-agent flood management in the basin, and advances the enlightenment for flood control in small and medium-scale basins in eastern China.